Integrated approach to colorectal anastomotic leakage: Communication, infection and healing disturbances

Figure 1 Integrated approach with proposed categorization based on the etiology of colorectal anastomotic leakage (communication, infection and healing disturbances).

Figure 2 Preventive strategies for colorectal anastomotic leakage with regard to the proposed categorization based on the etiology of colorectal anastomotic leakage (communication, infection and healing disturbances). ALT: Air leaking test; IOE: Intraoperative endoscopy; SDD: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract; MBP: Mechanical bowel preparation; HBOT: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Figure 3 Overview of the methods of prediction and early detection of colorectal anastomotic leakage with regard to the proposed categorization based on the etiology of colorectal anastomotic leakage (communication, infection and healing disturbances). TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase.