Molecular changes in hepatic metabolism and transport in cirrhosis and their functional importance

Figure 1 Clinical stages of liver disease. Commonly used scores or criteria are given at the respective treatment boxes (resection or transplantation). LF: Liver failure; for scores and criteria, see Table 2. MELD: Model of end stage liver disease.

Figure 2 Regulatory events in hepatocytes in liver cirrhosis. In the left hepatocyte, the regulation in transport proteins (phase 0 and phase III) is shown, and in the right hepatocyte, regulation in phase I and phase II metabolism is summarized. Large arrows show the tendency of protein expression and/or activity for the respective single enzyme/transporter or groups of enzymes/transporters (up- or downregulation or no change). Central nuclear receptors for each group of enzymes are additionally shown. Details and source of the data are given in the text. expr.: Expression; act.: Activity; BA: Bile acids; OA: Organic anions; OC: Organic cations; Xen: Xenobiotics; NTCP: Na-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide; OATP: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide; UGT: Uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase; SULT: Sulfotransferase; MRP: Multidrug resistance-associated protein.