Diagnosis and therapies for gastric non-invasive neoplasia

Figure 1 Pathological features of non-invasive neoplasia. A: If the structural atypia was weak, pathological diagnosis is difficult by small specimen obtained by endoscopic forceps biopsy; B: If cancer foci exist focally, sampling error may occur by endoscopic forceps biopsy.

Figure 2 Endoscopic findings of non-invasive neoplasia. A: Macroscopic type:elevated (left), and depressed (right); B: Color:reddish (left), and discolored (right); C: Surface pattern: smooth (left) and nodular (right). List of abbreviations: ER: Endoscopic resection; QOL: Quality of life; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.