N-acetylcysteine modulates angiogenesis and vasodilation in stomach such as DNA damage in blood of portal hypertensive rats

Figure 1 Portal pressure. Effects of partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on portal pressure. ^aP < 0.001 against SO, ^bP < 0.001 against PPVL (n = 6). SO: Sham-operated group; SO + NAC: Sham-operated animals treated with NAC; PPVL: Partial portal vein ligation group; PPVL + NAC: Partial portal vein ligation group treated with NAC.

Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry for endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor and nitrotyrosine. A: Effects of partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on eNOS immunoreactivity in gastric mucosa, ^bP < 0.001 (n = 6); B: Effects of partial PPVL and NAC administration on VEGF immunoreactivity in gastric mucosa, ^aP < 0.05 (n = 6); C: Effects of PPVL and NAC administration on NTT immunoreactivity in gastric mucosa, ^aP < 0.05 (n = 6). SO: Sham-operated group; PPVL: Partial portal vein ligation group; PPVL + NAC: Partial portal vein ligation group treated with NAC. Original magnification × 400.

Figure 3 Western blot analysis. A: Effects of partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on eNOS expression, ^aP < 0.05 (n = 6); B: Effects of PPVL and NAC administration on VEGF expression. SO: Sham-operated group; PPVL: Partial portal vein ligation group; PPVL + NAC: Partial portal vein ligation group treated with NAC, ^aP < 0.01 (n = 6).

Figure 4 Comet assay. Damage index (A) and damage frequency (B). SO: Sham-operated group; SO + NAC: Sham-operated animals treated with NAC; PPVL: Partial portal vein ligation group; PPVL + NAC: Partial portal vein ligation group treated with NAC. ^aModulation of DNA damage index induced by NAC in PPVL animals.