Glytan decreases portal pressure via mesentery vasoconstriction in portal hypertensive rats

Figure 1 Effect of Glytan on splanchnic hemodynamics. A: Effect of Glytan on portal pressure; B: Effect of Glytan on mean arterial pressure; C: Effect of Glytan on splanchnic vascular resistance; D: Effect of Glytan on portal territory blood flow; E: Effect of Glytan on the blood flow of splanchnic organs at 2 wk; F: Effect of Glytan on the blood flow of splanchnic organs at 4 wk. Results are from experiments on seven sham-operated rats and seven bile duct ligation (BDL) rats. Mean ± SEM values are shown. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, BDL rats vs sham-operated rats; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01, rats in the Glytan group vs BDL rats. G: Glytan.

Figure 2 Effect of Glytan on ET-1 levels in the mesenteric circulation. The results are from experiments on seven sham-operated rats and seven bile duct ligation (BDL) rats Mean ± SEM values are shown. ^bP < 0.01, BDL rats vs sham-operated rats; ^cP < 0.05, rats in the Glytan group vs BDL rats.

Figure 3 Correlation between portal pressure and ET-1 levels in the mesenteric circulation at 4 wk.

Figure 4 Effect of Glytan on ETAR and ETBR expression at mRNA and protein levels. A: ETAR and ETBR mRNA levels in the mesentery. Higher 2^-∆Ct values represent higher mRNA concentrations. Results from all experiments are shown (n = 7 per group); B: Western blot analysis for ETAR and ETBR protein levels (n = 8 per group). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, bile duct ligation (BDL) rats vs sham-operated rats; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01, rats in the Glytan group vs BDL rats.

Figure 5 Effect of Glytan on eNOS, GRK2, and β-arrestin 2 expression. Western blot analysis for eNOS, GRK2 and β-arrestin 2 protein levels (n = 5 per group). ^bP < 0.01, bile duct ligation (BDL) rats vs sham-operated rats; ^cP < 0.05,^dP < 0.01, rats in the Glytan group vs BDL rats.