Risk factors and therapeutic results of early local recurrence after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Figure 1 Flow chart summarizing patient outcomes. A: Insufficient data due to transfer to other hospital or loss to follow-up; B: TACE was delayed more than 3 mo from the time of diagnosis. LT: Liver transplantation; PEIT: Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy; CCC: Cholangiocarcinoma; TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

Figure 2 Flow chart shows the first, second, and third local recurrences and the following treatments. ¹n = patients with local recurrence within 1 year/local recurrence after 1 year.

Figure 3 Overall survival rates according to the timing of local recurrence. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 92.3%, 60.2%, 39.8%, and 26.6%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those following both the late local recurrence and no local recurrence (Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, overall P < 0.001).

Figure 4 Cumulative local recurrence rates were not significantly different between the first and second complete responses (Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, P = 0. 639).

Figure 5 Cumulative distant intra-hepatic recurrence rates showed a significantly high frequency in the early local recurrence group compared with the no local recurrence group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed compared with the late local recurrence group (Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, P = 0.034 overall).