Conventional endoscopic features are not sufficient to differentiate small, early colorectal cancer

Figure 1 Seven morphological features and non-lifting sign for submucosal cancer.

Figure 2 Pit-pattern classification; (A) non-invasive pattern, and (B) invasive pattern.

Figure 3 An 8-mm sessile polyp with negative non-lifting signs was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (A); histology showed that cancer cells invaded the submucosa up to 200 μm (B); a 12-mm sized sessile polyp with negative non-lifting signs was treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. Histology showed that cancer cells invaded the submucosa to 2000 μm. The patient received additional surgery.

Figure 4 Diagram for the treatment of 64 early colorectal cancers. SM: Submucosa; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.