Prognostic biomarkers for prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future prospects

Figure 1 Predictive systems for outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Tissue samples (tumour and non-tumour) as well as biological fluids (blood, urine etc.) are used for molecular analysis via omics based methodologies to obtain molecular based signatures for HCC recurrence. The combination of these signatures and clinicopathological features (e.g., HBV or HCV infection, serum AFP levels, tumour staging) would be used to generate predictive systems for intrahepatic recurrence and de novo recurrence. Personalised treatment could be generated and administered based on the molecular basis of recurrence. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.