Molecular targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current and future

Figure 1 Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways and molecular targeted agents which is currently available or in development for hepatocellular carcinoma. EGF: Epidermal growth factor; EGFR: EGF receptor; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FGFR: Fibroblast growth factor receptor; IGFR: Insulin-like growth factor receptor; PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: VEGF receptor; MEK: Mitogen/extracellular protein kinase.

Figure 2 PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the molecular agents targeting this pathway. BAD: BCL-2-associated death promoter; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; EGFR: EGF receptor; IGFR: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.