Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with anesthetic problems

Figure 1 Chest posterior to anterior of case 1. The patient had undergone a right pneumonectomy.

Figure 2 A 42-year-old male patient suffering from ankylosing spondylitis was admitted to our hospital presenting with right upper quadrant pain. A: Operating position used for case 2; B: Awake fiberoptic intubation through the nasotracheal tree used for case 2.

Figure 3 Thoracolumbar spine image for case 3. The anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) views are shown.

Figure 4 Insertion of the trocar in case 3. A: The narrow abdomen provided a challenge for trocar insertion; B: Internal view of trocar placement in the narrow abdomen.