Clinical utility of anti-p53 auto-antibody: Systematic review and focus on colorectal cancer

Figure 1 Normal p53 function highlighted in green boxes and blue figures as described. Red boxes show mechanisms for inactivation; Normal p53 function highlighted in green and blue figures. PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; AKT: Protein kinase B; ATM: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; DAPK: Death-associated protein kinase; DRAM: Damage-regulated autophagy modulator; PUMA: p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis; hTERT: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase.

Figure 2 Proposed mechanisms of anti-p53 auto-antibody induction. MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; CD8: Cluster of 8 differentiation; CTL: Cytotoxic T-cell; IL: Interleukin; APC: Antigen presenting cell.

Figure 3 Percent p53 mutations (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008) and percent anti-p53 auto-antibody incidence calculated in this review. r² = 0.45, Correlation = 0.59. CRC: Colorectal cancer; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.