Original Article
Copyright ©2012 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 28, 2012; 18(16): 1884-1891
Published online Apr 28, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i16.1884
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Effects of antithrombin III on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in rats with acute liver failure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (GalN) were injected intraperitoneally into 8-wk-old Wistar rats. One hour after the challenge, antithrombin (AT) III (50 U/kg body weight) was injected into the portal or tail vein. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after injection of LPS and GalN. Control: Untreated; TV: AT III injection via the tail vein; PV: AT III injection via the portal vein. Values are mean ± SD (n = 10 rats/group). aP < 0.01 vs the control group.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Effects of antithrombin III on serum inflammatory cytokine levels. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (A), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (B) and interleukin (IL)-6 (C) were determined 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine. Control: Untreated; TV: Antithrombin (AT) III injection via the tail vein; PV: AT III injection via the portal vein. Values are means ± SD (n = 10 rats/group). aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01 vs control group.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Effects of antithrombin III on liver histology. Liver samples were obtained 24 h after lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine injection and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (magnification, × 200). A: Control; B: Antithrombin (AT) III injected via the tail vein; C: AT III injected via the portal vein.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Effects of antithrombin III on hepatic mRNA expression of lactate dehydrogenase and heme oxygenase-1. Hepatic mRNA expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (A) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 (B) was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Reactions were normalized for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression and the relative expression in the untreated liver was used as a control. Control: Untreated; TV: Antithrombin (AT) III injection via the tail vein; PV: AT III injection via the portal vein. Values are means ± SD (n = 10 rats/group). aP < 0.05 vs the tail vein group and the control group.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Effects of antithrombin III on serum fibrin degradation product levels. The serum fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels were determined 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine. Control: Untreated; TV: Antithrombin (AT) III injection via the tail vein; PV: AT III injection via the portal vein. Values are means ± SD (n = 10 rats/group). aP < 0.05 vs control and tail vein groups.
Figure 6
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Figure 6 Effects of antithrombin III on hepatic phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining. To estimate the extent of intrasinusoidal coagulation, fibrin deposition was analyzed by phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining (magnification, × 400). Fibrin deposition was observed as a dense rod-like structure (arrow). A: Control; B: Antithrombin (AT) III injected via the tail vein; C: AT III injected via the portal vein.