Effects of refluxate pH values on duodenogastroesophageal reflux-induced esophageal adenocarcinoma

Figure 1 Animal model establishment. Esphagoduodenostomy group A (EDA) for duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux of low pH value and esphagoduodenostomy group B (EDB) for high pH value respectively, and control for the sham operation group.

Figure 2 pH in different positions of esophagus, stomach and duodenum.

Figure 3 Gross specimens of the sham operated-group(shown in picture A) and animal model group(shown in picture B).

Figure 4 The changes of the esophagus mucosa in the sham operated group and the animal model groups under the light microscope (200 ×). A: Normal esophagus in the sham operated group; B: Esophagitis and barrett esophagus in the model group; C: Intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma in the model group.

Figure 5 The incidence rates of diseases of esophagitis, Barrett esophagus, intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma 40 wk after operation. The incidence of esophagitis, barrett esophagus, intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma 40 wk after operation in the sham, operated group (Control), esophagoduodenostomy group A (EDA) and esophagoduodenostomy group B (EDB) group.