Wound healing of intestinal epithelial cells

Figure 1 Wounded rat intestinal epithelial cell-6 cells. A: Confluent monolayers of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-6 cells were wounded with a razor blade. Wounded IEC-6 cells 24 h after wound formation. Wound line is shown with an arrow; B: IEC-6 cells wounded by mechanical cell denudation (× 40). Wounded cells at 0, 24 and 72 h after wound formation are shown; C: Wound margin of IEC-6 cells (× 200).

Figure 2 Various factors and signaling pathways contributing to the process of wound healing of intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal mucosa. IEC: Intestinal epithelial cell; TGF: Transforming growth factor; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; KGF: Keratinocyte growth factor; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; HB-EGF: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor; IL: Interleukin; COX: Cyclooxygenase; TLR: Toll-like receptor; HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; NF: Nuclear factor; STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription.