Long-term result of endoscopic Histoacryl® (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) injection for treatment of gastric varices

Figure 1 Endoscopic Histoacryl^® injection for treatment of gastric varices. A: Endoscopic image showing a large gastric varix; B: Injection of Histoacryl^® into the gastric varix using the catheter.

Figure 2 X-ray showing lipiodol in the gastric varix during the procedure.

Figure 3 Embolic complications of Histoacryl^® injection. A: Chest radiography showing pulmonary embolism after Histoacryl^® injection; B: Computed tomography showing the presence of lipiodol in the splenic vein after Histoacryl^® injection.

Figure 4 Adrenal abscess after Histoacryl^® injection. A: Computed tomography scan showing adrenal abscess after Histoacryl^® injection; B: Adrenal abscess was resolved after PCD insertion.

Figure 5 The 1-year rebleeding rate using the Kaplan-Meier method and then log rank test. A: Comparing the groups with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or without HCC; B: Comparing GOV1 and GOV2. GOV: Gastro-esophageal varices.

Figure 6 Survival of Histoacryl^® injected patients. A: Survival of 127 Histoacryl^®-injected patients using the Kaplan-Meier method. The cumulative survival rates of the 127 patients at 6 mo, and 1, 3 and 5 years were 92.1%, 84.2%, 64.2%, and 45.3%, respectively; B: Survival of the 27 patients who underwent primary prophylaxis, using the Kaplan-Meier method. The 6 mo cumulative survival rate of these patients was 75%.