Effect of ginger on gastric motility and symptoms of functional dyspepsia

Figure 1 Antral area after ginger and placebo in patients with functional dyspepsia who consumed 500 mL low-nutrient soup between -5 and 0 min. Gastric emptying was more rapid after ginger than with placebo [T50: 12.3 (8.5-17.0) min vs 16.1 (8.3-22.6) min, P≤ 0.05)]. There was a trend for smaller antral area after ginger (P = 0.13); data are means ± SE, n = 11.

Figure 2 Frequency of antral contractions after ginger and placebo in patients with functional dyspepsia. There was a trend for a higher frequency of antral contractions after ginger (P = 0.06). Data are means ± SE, n = 11.

Figure 3 Fundus area and diameter in patients with functional dyspepsia. There was no difference in either measure between ginger and placebo. Data are means ± SE, n = 11.

Figure 4 Visual analogue scale scores for gastrointestinal symptoms after ginger and placebo in patients with functional dyspepsia who consumed 500 mL low-nutrient soup between -5 and 0 min. There was no difference in any sensation between the two study days. Data are means ± SE, n = 11.

Figure 5 Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, motilin and ghrelin in patients with functional dyspepsia. There was no difference in the concentrations of any hormone between the ginger and placebo groups. Data are means ± SE, n = 11. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.