Early ileocolonoscopy with biopsy for the evaluation of persistent post-transplantation diarrhea

Figure 1 Causes of persistent diarrhea in renal transplant patients. MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil.

Figure 2 Histological photomicrographs from drug-induced and infectious cases of persistent diarrhea. A: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-colitis (HE stain, 200 × original magnification); B: MMF-colitis, with apoptotic bodies within the bowel lumen (arrowhead, HE stain, 400 × original magnification); C: Intestinal leishmaniasis with characteristic dot-like microorganisms within macrophages in the lamina propria (arrowheads, HE stain, 400 × original magnification).

Figure 3 Distribution of infectious and drug-induced cases of persistent diarrhea in renal transplant patients according to the time post-transplantation.