Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on tight junction protein expressions in intestinal mucosa of rats

Figure 1 Immunohistochemical expression of occludin in the rat terminal ileum (× 40). A: Control, sham-operated, the total of epithelia cell lining villi express occludin; B: End of CPB, loss of occludin expression in about 50% enterocytes at the villi; C: 2 h after CPB, loss of occludin expression in about 85% enterocytes at the villi.

Figure 2 Immunohistochemical expression of ZO-1 in the rat terminal ileum (× 40). A: Control, shame-operated: the total of epithelia cell lining villi express ZO-1; B: End of CPB: loss of ZO-1 expression in about 50% enterocytes at the villi; C: 2 h after CPB: loss of ZO-1 expression in about 80% enterocytes at the villi.

Figure 3 Western blot analysis of occludin and ZO-1 in terminal ileums. Lane 1: Control group; Lane 2: End of CPB; Lane 3: 2 h after CPB. A: Oclludin protein expression; B: ZO-1 protein expression. Total protein was extracted from rat terminal ileums. Band densities were normalized to the mean density of saline bands and expressed as % relative content. Gel staining was used as a loading control. Bars are mean % relative content ± SE, n = 10 for each group.

Figure 4 Effect of CPB on the ileum epithelia cells (× 7200). A: CPB group, epithelia damage was demonstrated by swollen mitochondria and loss of cristae, tight junction was disrupted; B: Control group, regularly-aligned microvilli in intestinal epithelium, integral mitochondria and RER and distinct junction complex were observed.