Ketamine anesthesia reduces intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Figure 1 A: Control A group showing normal mucosa; B: SK A. Changes in intestinal mucosa structure following 45 min of ischemia and 60 min reperfusion; C: KET A. Less damage was observed (all × 40).

Figure 2 Bar diagram illustrating the Chiu score of mucosal injury after 60 min of reperfusion. Lower damage score was observed in a KET A group than in the SK A group. ^aP < 0.0001 vs control A; ^bP < 0.0001 vs KET A.

Figure 3 Bar diagram illustrating the distance travelled by the marker, expressed as a percentage of total intestinal length from pylorus to cecum. Intestinal I/R caused transit delay that was corrected by the administration of ketamine as anesthetic. ^aP = 0.00019 vs control B; ^bP = 0.0004 vs KET B.