Histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 alone or combined with bortezomib or sorafenib exhibits strong antiproliferative action in human cholangiocarcinoma cells

Figure 1 Anti-proliferative effects of MS-275 on human EGI-1 and TFK-1 cholangiocarcinoma cells. mean ± SEM, n > 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs controls.

Figure 2 MS-275-induced LDH release into the supernatant of EGI-1 and TFK-1 cells. mean ± SEM, n > 3 independent experiments; No significant increase in LDH release was observed.

Figure 3 MS-275-induced apoptosis-specific caspase-3 activity increase in EGI-1 and TFK-1 cells. mean ± SEM, n > 3 independent experiments, ^aP < 0.05 vs controls.

Figure 4 Induction of cell cycle arrest by MS-275 on EGI-1 and TFK-1 cells. means of > 3 independent experiments, ^aP < 0.05 vs controls.

Figure 5 MS-275-induced modulation of apoptosis- and cell cycle-relevant proteins (n = 3 independent experiments).

Figure 6 Anti-proliferative effects of MS-275 plus cytostatics on EGI-1 and TFK-1 cells. mean ± SEM, n = 3-4 independent experiments.

Figure 7 Anti-proliferative effects of MS-275 plus sorafenib or bortezomib on EGI-1 and TFK-1. mean ± SEM, n = 3-4 independent experiments.