Review
Copyright ©2007 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2007; 13(25): 3409-3416
Published online Jul 7, 2007. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i25.3409
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Normal histological layer of bile duct wall. A: Normal extrahepatic bile duct; B: Normal intrahepatic bile duct. Bile duct is lined by a single layer of columnar cells and its wall has a fibromuscular layer (HE, × 100). m: mucosa layer, fm: fibromuscular layer.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Macroscopic and microscopic findings of early bile duct cancers. A, B: Extrahepatic early bile duct cancer. A papillary mass (arrows) protruding into the common bile duct lumen is noted (A). Although it is fairly large, its invasion is confined within the fibromuscular layer (HE, × 100) (B). C, D: An intrahepatic early bile duct cancer. Gross specimen of resected liver in patients with papillary mass (arrow heads) within the right intrahepatic bile duct. Tumor invasion is confined within the fibromuscular layer without hepatic parenchymal invasion (HE, × 10).
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Proposed algorithm for detecting an early bile duct cancer. GI: gastrointestinal; US: ultrasound; CT: computed tomography; MRC: magnetic resonance cholangiography; PET: positron emission tomography; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS: endoscopic ultrasound; FNA: fine needle aspiration; PTCS: percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.