In vitro and in vivo protective effects of proteoglycan isolated from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury

Figure 1 Effects of GLPG on proliferation of L-02 cells treated with GLPG at the concentration of 2-1024 μg/mL for 2 d (A) and at the concentration of 200 μg/mL for 3 d (B). Viable cells were detected every 24 h. The cells untreated with GLPG were used as controls in experiment. Results shown represent the mean ± SD for at least three separate experiments.

Figure 2 Effects of GLPG on ALT and AST activities in CCl4-induced L-02 cell (n =  3) injury. Compared to control group, GLPG suppressed the activities of ALT and AST in the other groups. Results shown represent the mean ± SD from three separate experiments.

Figure 3 Effect of GLPG on SOD activity in serum of rats. The rats were administered orally with or without GLPG at 1000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg. The increment of SOD activities was 57.2 % and 70.6 %, respectively.

Figure 4 Histological changes (marked by arrows) of CCl₄-induced hepatic injury in the presence or absence of GLPG in mice by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining in control group (A), GLPG group (B), and CCl₄-induced liver injury group (C-J) 24 and 72 h after GLPG pretreatment at different doses(0, 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg).

Figure 5 Effect of GLPG on the levels of TNF-ɑ in the plasma of mice, as determined by TNF-ɑ radioimmunoassay kit. Compared with control group, administration of GLPG at various doses could significantly suppress the level of TNF-ɑ in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h. Data are the mean ± SD from 4 determinations.