Evaluation of the biliary tract in patients with functional biliary symptoms

Figure 1 Sphincter of Oddi manometry in a dog during gallbladder distension (upper tracing), and gallbladder emptying (lower tracing). Distension of the gallbladder-mimicking gallbladder contraction -leads to relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi thus permitting free flow of bile into the duodenum. (After reference 5 with permission).

Figure 2 Endoscopic cholangiogram during investigation, and 45 min after contrast injection in a patient with complete contrast retention.

Figure 3 Hepatobiliary scintigraphy. A: Pictures at different time windows; B: Time activity curves are shown for different regions of interest.

Figure 4 Hepatobiliary scintigraphic activity curves of regions of interest in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Figure 5 Combined video- and manometric recording in the sphincter of Oddi during endoscopy.

Figure 6 Endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry in a patient with elevated baseline pressure.

Figure 7 Endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry. A: Normal antegrade contractions; B: Abnormal retrograde waves.