Giardia lamblia infection in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia: A prospective study

Figure 1 Diagnostic categories in the 137 patients complaining of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or dyspepsia (FD: functional dyspepsia; OD: organic dyspepsia). LI: lactose intolerance; Other diagnoses included: colon diverticulosis (n = 3), celiac disease (n = 2), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 1), gastric cancer (n = 1), colon cancer (n = 1), and collagenous colitis (n = 1).

Figure 2 Confocal microscopy images (A and B) of G. lamblia trophozoite (x1000) in duodenal bioptic sample, using acridine orange as a vital stain. A: a dorsal projection showing the peculiar tear-shaped cell with flagella. B: an unusual flank projection shows the nuclei on the back of the ventral disk. C: G. lamblia cysts (x200) microscopic images after a wet mount with Lugol’s iodine of fecal specimens. D: G. lamblia cysts (x200) in stool sample following formalin/ether enrichment of filtered samples and staining with a direct fluorescent antibody.