Influence of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls

Figure 1 Plasma concentrations of glucose (A), glucose infusion rates (B) and plasma concentrations of total GIP (C) during hyperglycemic clamp experiments with the intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (1 µg . kg^-1 . h^-1; -90 to 210 min), placebo (0 - 60 min), GIP at a low dose (1 pmol . kg^-1 . min^-1; 60-120 min), and GIP at a high dose (4 pmol . kg^-1 . min^-1; 120 -180 min) in eight patients with type 2 diabetes (open circles) and eight healthy controls (filled diamonds). Arrows indicate bolus administrations of placebo, 20 pmol GIP/kg and 80 pmol GIP/kg, respectively. Data are presented as means ± SEM; P-values were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA and denote A: differences between the groups, B: differences over time and AB: differences due to the interaction of group and time. ^aP < 0.05 patients with type 2 diabetes at individual time points.

Figure 2 Gastric volume (A), as well as gastric acid (B) and chloride (C) concentrations determined in 15-min intervals in eight patients with type 2 diabetes (open circles) and eight healthy controls (filled diamonds) studied during hyperglycemic clamp experiments with the intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (1 µg . kg^-1 . h^-1; -90 to 210 min), placebo (0 - 60 min), GIP at a low dose (1 pmol . kg^-1 . min^-1; 60-120 min), and GIP at a high dose (4 pmol . kg^-1 . min^-1; 120 -180 min). Arrows indicate bolus administrations of placebo, 20 pmol GIP/kg and 80 pmol GIP/kg, respectively. Data are presented as means ± SEM; P -values were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA and denote A: differences between the groups, B: differences over time and AB: differences due to the interaction of group and time.

Figure 3 Gastric acid (A), and chloride (B) secretion rates per 15 min in eight patients with type 2 diabetes (open circles) and eight healthy controls (filled diamonds) studied during hyperglycemic clamp experiments with the intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (1 µg . kg^-1 . h-¹; -90 to 210 min), placebo (0 - 60 min), GIP at a low dose (1 pmol . kg^-1 . min^-1; 60-120 min), and GIP at a high dose (4 pmol . kg^-1 . min^-1; 120 -180 min). Arrows indicate bolus administrations of placebo, 20 pmol GIP/kg and 80 pmol GIP/kg, respectively. Data are presented as means± SEM; p-values were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA and denote A: differences between the groups, B: differences over time and AB: differences due to the interaction of group and time.