Glutamine is highly effective in preventing in vivo cobalt-induced oxidative stress in rat liver

Figure 1 Time course of cobalt chloride effect on lipid peroxidation and on liver GSH content. Data are mean±SD, n = 6. ^bP<0.01 as assessed by Student’s t-test. Values measured in control (vehicle-injected) animals were the same as those at 0 time.

Figure 2 Time course of cobalt chloride effect on heme oxygenase activity in rat liver. Data are mean±SD, n = 6. ^bP<0.01 as assessed by Student’s t-test. Values measured in control (vehicle-injected) animals were the same as those at 0 time.

Figure 3 Time course of cobalt chloride effect on ferritin and ferritin iron contents. Data are mean±SD, n = 6. ^aP<0.05 as assessed by Student’s t-test. Values measured in control (vehicle-injected) animals were the same as those at 0 time.

Figure 4 Effect of glutamine on. A: TBARS content; B: intrahepatic GSH levels, and; C: HO-1 activity. Glutamine (300 mg/kg) was administered by gavage 24 h before cobalt treatment. For TBARS and GSH content, rats were killed 3 h after Co injection, and for HO-1 activity, rats were killed 12 h after cobalt injection. Data are mean±SD, n = 6. ^aP<0.05 vs Co group, ^bP<0.01 vs Control group.

Figure 5 Western blot analysis of HO-1 expression in liver. A: Rats were killed 12 h after Co treatment. Densitometry was done to quantify HO-1 protein expression; B: The blot is representative of three blots with a total of 4-5 samples/group between the three blots. ^bP<0.01 vs control group. ^dP<0.01 vs Co group.