Leflunomide attenuates hepatocyte injury by inhibiting Kupffer cells

Figure 1 Changes of TNF-α and IL-1 levels in different type culture supernatants with LPS (10 µg/mL) (n = 3, mean ± SD). DC, solid line; KC, dot line; HC, dashed line. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 for IL-1 levels in DC, KC, and HC vs. control. ^dP < 0.01, vs KC and HC. A: Changes of TNF-α levels in different type culture supernatants with LPS. B: Changes of IL-1 levels in different type culture supernatants with LPS.

Figure 2 Changes of TNF-α and IL-1 levels in culture superna-tants of HC, DC, KC after 4 h and 24 h incubation with various concentrations of LPS (n = 3, mean ± SD). ^bP < 0.01 for TNF-α and IL-1 levels in DC, KC vs control; ^dP < 0.01 for DC coculture vs other cultures after 0, 1, 5, and 10 µg/mL LPS. A: Changes of TNF-α levels in culture supernatants of HC, DC, KC after 4 h incubation with various concentrations of LPS. B: Changes of IL-1 levels in culture supernatants of HC, DC, KC after 24 h incubation with various concentrations of LPS.

Figure 3 Effect of A₇₇₁₇₂₆ on TNF-α and IL-1 levels in culture supernatants of DC stimulated by LPS (10 µg) with different administration time (n = 3, mean ± SD). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, vs model; ^dP < 0.01, vs 0-24 h group.

Figure 4 Effect of A₇₇₁₇₂₆ on TNF-α mRNA of KCs in immunological liver injury rats. 1: DNA marker; 3: model; 2: Dexamethasone; 4-8: A₇₇₁₇₂₆ at concentration of 1 × 10^-3, 1 × 10^-2, 1 × 10^-1, 1 × 10⁰, 1 × 10¹µmol/L.