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©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 7, 2008; 14(17): 2631-2638
Published online May 7, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.2631
Published online May 7, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.2631
Pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult
G Lindsay McCrea, Christine Miaskowski, Nancy A Stotts, Liz Macera, Departments of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143, United States
Madhulika G Varma, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco 94143, United States
Author contributions: The literature review was completed and the paper was written by Ms. McCrea GL; Miaskowski C, Stotts NA, Macera L, and Varma MG contributed equally to the conceptualization and editing of the manuscript.
Correspondence to: G Lindsay McCrea, RN, MS, Doctoral Student, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-0610, San Francisco 94143, United States. lindsay.mccrea@ucsf.edu
Telephone: +1-925-4511858
Fax: +1-415-4768899
Received: December 19, 2007
Revised: February 17, 2008
Published online: May 7, 2008
Revised: February 17, 2008
Published online: May 7, 2008
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