Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 7, 2016; 22(29): 6706-6715
Published online Aug 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6706
Alterations in gut microbiota during remission and recurrence of diabetes after duodenal-jejunal bypass in rats
Ming-Wei Zhong, Shao-Zhuang Liu, Guang-Yong Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Teng Liu, San-Yuan Hu
Ming-Wei Zhong, Shao-Zhuang Liu, Guang-Yong Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Teng Liu, San-Yuan Hu, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Zhong MW performed the majority of experiments, analyzed the data and prepared the manuscript; Liu SZ, Zhang GY and Hu SY designed the experiments and revised the manuscript; Zhang X and Liu T performed the molecular investigations, prepared figures and revised the manuscript; all authors approved the final version to be published.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, (No. 81471019 to Hu SY; No. 81300286 to Liu SZ; No. 81370496 to Zhang GY); and the Taishan Scholar Foundation (to Hu SY).
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Experiment of Shandong University Qilu Hospital (IACUC protocol No. DWLL-2015-014).
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix and dataset are available from the corresponding author at husanyuan1962@hotmail.com.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: San-Yuan Hu, Professor, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China. husanyuan1962@hotmail.com
Telephone: +86-531-82166351 Fax: +86-531-82166351
Received: May 18, 2016
Peer-review started: May 19, 2016
First decision: June 13, 2016
Revised: June 22, 2016
Accepted: July 6, 2016
Article in press: July 6, 2016
Published online: August 7, 2016
Processing time: 72 Days and 7.2 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To observe the alterations in gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes recurrence after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) in rats.

METHODS: We assigned HDF- and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats into two major groups to receive DJB and sham operation respectively. When the DJB was completed, we used HFD to induce diabetes recurrence. Then, we grouped the DJB-operated rats by blood glucose level into the DJB-remission (DJB-RM) group and the DJB-recurrence (DJB-RC) group. At a sequence of time points after operations, we compared calorie content in the food intake (calorie intake), oral glucose tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), serum insulin, total bile acids (TBAs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and alterations in colonic microbiota.

RESULTS: The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the control (58.06% ± 11.12%; P < 0.05 vs sham; P < 0.05 vs DJB-RC) and DJB-RM (55.58% ± 6.16%; P < 0.05 vs sham; P < 0.05 vs DJB-RC) groups was higher than that in the sham (29.04% ± 1.36%) and DJB-RC (27.44% ± 2.17%) groups; but the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower (control group: 33.46% ± 10.52%, P < 0.05 vs sham 46.88% ± 2.34%, P < 0.05 vs DJB-RC 47.41% ± 5.67%. DJB-RM group: 34.63% ± 3.37%, P < 0.05 vs sham; P < 0.05 vs DJB-RC). Escherichia coli was higher in the sham (15.72% ± 1.67%, P < 0.05 vs control, P < 0.05 vs DJB-RM) and DJB-RC (16.42% ± 3.00%; P < 0.05 vs control; P < 0.05 vs DJB-RM) groups than in the control (3.58% ± 3.67%) and DJB-RM (4.15% ± 2.76%) groups. Improved HOMA-IR (2.82 ± 0.73, P < 0.05 vs DJB-RC 4.23 ± 0.72), increased TBAs (27803.17 ± 4673.42 ng/mL; P < 0.05 vs DJB-RC 18744.00 ± 3047.26 ng/mL) and decreased LPS (0.12 ± 0.04 ng/mL, P < 0.05 vs DJB-RC 0.19 ± 0.03 ng/mL) were observed the in DJB-RM group; however, these improvements were reversed in the DJB-RC group, with the exception of GLP-1 (DJB-RM vs DJB-RC P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Alterations in gut microbiota may be responsible for the diabetes remission and recurrence after DJB, possibly by influencing serum LPS and TBAs.

Keywords: Duodenal-jejunal bypass; Gut microbiota; Diabetes recurrence; Lipopolysaccharide; Total bile acids

Core tip: To determine the alteration in gut microbiota during diabetes recurrence after the performance of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats received DJB. We used postoperative HFD to induce diabetes recurrence. Relative abundance of Firmicutes in diabetes-recurrence rats is lower than that in diabetes-remission rats, whereas higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Escherichia coli is observed in diabetes-recurrence rats. Alterations in gut microbiota may cause diabetes to reappear postoperatively by influencing levels of serum lipopolysaccharide and total bile acids, which have links with low-grade inflammation and glycolipid metabolism in diabetes.