|
1
|
Wen GJ, Chen J, Zhang SF, Zhou ZS, Jiao GL. Multiple sparganosis spinal infections mainly in the thoracic region: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8507-8511. [PMID: 38188209 PMCID: PMC10768500 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i36.8507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal infection with sparganosis is rarely seen, and multiple spinal infections with sparganosis in the thoracic spine have not been reported. CASE SUMMARY In this case report, a 56-year old male patient suffered from back pain for 3 mo. Computed tomography examination of the thoracic spine showed bone destruction of the T4-5 vertebral body, as well as the right pedicle and lamina of T5. Magnetic resonance imaging showed high signals on T2W1 images and fat-suppressed images in the right vertebral body of T4-5 and the right pedicle and lamina of T5, a high signal in the vertebral canal, and similar high signals in the paravertebral and subcutaneous regions of the whole spine. Puncture biopsy showed sparganosis. Following definite diagnosis, the patient was treated with debridement of T4-5 infected lesions under a microscope, bone grafting and internal fixation. Postoperatively, the patient's back pain symptoms were significantly relieved; the incision healed after one-stage treatment, and albendazole antiparasitic treatment was administered. CONCLUSION Puncture biopsy is the most reliable method to diagnose infection by sparganum. Removal of infected lesions under the microscope and albendazole for antiparasitic treatment are safe and effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Jun Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan 523573, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan 523573, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Fei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan 523573, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Sen Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan 523573, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gen-Long Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan 523573, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Feng L, Jiao X, Zeng C, Zhao CW, Li R, Zhang L, Yang Z, Liao W, Liu D, Xiao B, Yang Z. Migration characteristics as a prognostic factor in cerebral sparganosis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:28-36. [PMID: 35017108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To differentiate diagnostic and prognostic factors from the clinical material of patients with cerebral sparganosis in central South China. METHODS Consecutive patients with cerebral sparganosis from our hospital between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical manifestations, radiographic features, treatment, and outcomes of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty patients with cerebral sparganosis were included, and foci migration on magnetic resonance imaging was detected in 22 patients, from whom we observed 4 migration modes: interlobar migration (50.0%, 11/22); transmidline migration (27.3%, 6/22); transventricular migration (13.6%, 3/22); and cerebellum-brainstem migration (9.1%, 2/22). The percentage of good outcomes was higher in patients with live worm capture than in those without live worm capture (75.0%, 12/16 vs 33.3%, 2/6). Exposure to preoperative antiparasitic medication was associated with worm migration toward the cortical surface, which led to a higher probability of live worm capture. CONCLUSIONS We propose 4 modes of sparganosis migration that are correlated with worm capture and neurologic prognosis. We found that exposure to antiparasitic medication was associated with worm migration toward the cortical surface, leading to a higher probability of live worm capture. These observations suggest a novel significance for preoperative medication of cerebral sparganosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiao Jiao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Charlie W Zhao
- Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 06520
| | - Rong Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Leiyao Zhang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zhuanyi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Dingyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Chotmongkol V, Phuttharak W, Jingjit K, Chaisuriya N, Sanpool O, Chaichan S, Khamsai S. Case Report: Sparganosis of the Cauda Equina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:298-302. [PMID: 33124542 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal sparganosis of the cauda equina has been rarely reported. A 54-year-old man presented at the hospital after having experienced lower back pain for 10 months, progressive weakness and numbness of the left leg for 4 months, and urinary incontinence for 3 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine revealed a heterogeneous enhancing mass at the T12-S1 level. Spinal sparganosis was diagnosed by histological examination and molecular identification of the parasite in the tissue section. The patient was treated with a high dose of praziquantel because the parasitic mass was only partially removed and symptoms worsened following surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verajit Chotmongkol
- 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Phuttharak
- 2Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kritsakorn Jingjit
- 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chaisuriya
- 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- 5Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Soramon Chaichan
- 5Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sittichai Khamsai
- 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Zhu Y, Ye L, Ding X, Wu J, Chen Y. Cerebral sparganosis presenting with atypical postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging findings: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:748. [PMID: 31455261 PMCID: PMC6712767 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sparganosis, a rare and severe parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Spirometra species or simply sparganum, generally involves subcutaneous tissue or muscle. But occasionally, sparganum can also invade the human brain, resulting in cerebral sparganosis. Case presentation A 33-year-old woman presented with a 10-day history of headache. Postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an irregular lesion with enhancement and the tunnel-shaped focus extending to the contralateral hemiphere. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis disclosed pleocytosis (166 cells/μL) and an elevated protein concentration (0.742 g/L). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed positive sparganum-specific antibody in both blood and CSF. Finally, the diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis was comfirmed. She received praziquantel treatment and got a favorable outcome during six-month follow-up. Conclusions Irregular enhancement and the tunnel sign that extends to the contralateral hemisphere on postconstrast MRI are unusual presentations of cerebral sparganosis. ELISA for sparganum-specific antibody can help confirm the diagnosis. Although surgery is the preferred treatment for cerebral sparganosis, praziquantel might also achieve satisfying outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingqi Ye
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiansan Ding
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Hwang JM, Hwang DS, Kang C, Lee JW. Subcutaneous sparganosis mimicking soft tissue tumor: a case report. Int Med Case Rep J 2019; 12:47-50. [PMID: 30858734 PMCID: PMC6385745 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s192764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sparganosis is a rare parasitic disease of humans caused by invasion of human tissue by plerocercoid tapeworm larvae (spargana) of the genus Spirometra species. This parasite commonly invades subcutaneous tissue but can appear in any tissue of the body. Case presentation Here, we report a case of a 33-year-old woman presented with a migrating painful swelling and erythema in right thigh for 6 months, which was initially misdiagnosed as soft tissue tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multiple elongated tubular tracts in the medial aspect of right thigh, from which a long, wrinkled, whitish worm was surgically removed. The parasite was histopathologically identified as Spirometra mansoni. Conclusion Sparganosis is rare and physicians have little experience, so if suspected, should be included among the list of differential diagnosis and special serological test should be recommended before surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mo Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea,
| | - Deuk-Soo Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea,
| | - Chan Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea,
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is a larval cestodiasis caused by the plerocercoid of Spirometra spp. Since the first description of human sparganosis in 1924, several hundred cases have been reported in Korea. However, systematic approaches for literature surveys of Korean sparganosis have seldom appeared. METHODS We searched publicly available databases such as PubMed, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korea Medical Citation Index with relevant Medical Subject Headings. RESULTS At least 438 Korean sparganosis cases have been described from 1924 to 2015. Preoperative diagnosis has been significantly increased since the 1980s due to popularization of serological and imaging diagnostics. Cases were largely detected from fifth decades in general, but cerebral sparganosis was detected in relatively young age groups (third and fourth decades). Sparganosis was prevalent in men (75.9%). Consumption of frog/snake and drinking unfiltered water were found in 63.4% and 16.9% of patients, respectively. Most frequently affected sites were subcutaneous tissues (49.9%), followed by the central nervous system (36.2%). Involvements of visceral organs (7.6%), ocular regions (3.6%), and muscles (2.7%) were noticed. In women, breast sparganosis constituted a large proportion (34.2%). Sparganosis associated with immunocompromised patients has recently been reported. CONCLUSION Sparganosis has been continuously reported in Korea during the past 90 years, although its incidence has decreased during the last 20 years. The disease is mostly characterized by subcutaneous nodule, but infection of the worm in vital organs often results in serious illness. Continuous awareness is warranted to monitor sparganosis occurrence and associated clinical consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Geun Kim
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chun-Seob Ahn
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yukifumi Nawa
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yoon Kong
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Identification of sparganosis based on next-generation sequencing. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:256-261. [PMID: 30315893 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of sparganosis, a parasitic disease caused by plerocercoid larvae of the genus Spirometra, has gradually risen worldwide (especially in remote areas) in recent years. Pulmonary and pleural sparganosis, as well as other sites of infestation, including the subcutaneous tissues, the abdominal viscera, brain and eyes, has been reported. In clinical practice, due to the atypical signs and symptoms as well as limited laboratory approaches for the specific detection of sparganum, sparganosis is often misdiagnosed. In the present study, an 11-year-old girl visited the Department of Infectious Diseases in Shanghai Children's Medical Center for recurrent shoulder and chest pain and shortness of breath. Imaging tests demonstrated bilateral pleural and pericardial effusion, enlarged lymph nodes in front of the tracheal carina, and infection of the left lower lobe. Sparganum were not observed in the dissected soft tissue at the root of the right thigh with naked-eye and light microscopy examination. Histologic examination revealed granulomatous inflammation and tunnel-like necrosis with eosinophilic, neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration. Although the patient's serum was positive for sparganum antibodies, the diagnosis of sparganosis was not confirmed for more than three months. Ultimately, genomic DNA of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei was detected in the mass at the root of the right thigh using next-generation sequencing (NGS), confirming the diagnosis of sparganosis. The patient was treated with praziquantel (150 mg/kg/day) without recurrence after an eight-month follow-up. We present, for the first time, a study of human sparganosis diagnosed using NGS, which provided a clinically actionable diagnosis of a specific infectious disease from an uncommon pathogen.
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Lee YI, Seo M, Kim SB. Infections of Soil-Transmitted Helminth in Refugees from North Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:291-294. [PMID: 29996634 PMCID: PMC6046558 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) are now no longer public health problems in the Republic of Korea (South Korea), but their status are unavailable in the residents of North Korea (NK) despite the expectation of large scale traffic and future reunification of the Korean Peninsula. A total of 20 female refugees from NK who had been admitted to the Division of Gastroenterology, Dankook University Hospital, were subjected in this study. Among them, 15 refugees were examined by the colonoscopy and 10 ones were examined with the stool examination (formalin-ether sedimentation). Both diagnostic methods were commonly adopted in 5 patients. Eggs of Trichuris trichiura were detected in 7 out of 10 refugees in the stool examination. In the colonoscopy, T. trichiura worms were found in 6 (40.0%) out of 15 refugees. Total 9 (45.0%) peoples were confirmed to be infected with human whipworms. Additionally, 1 case of clonorchiasis was diagnosed in the stool examination and a worm of Ascaris lumbricoides was discovered from a trichuriasis case. These findings suggested that STH is highly prevalent in NO, in which living conditions are not so good in the aspect of general hygiene and medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Dankook Unverisity, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Suk-Bae Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Jin Y, Kim EM, Choi MH, Oh MD, Hong ST. Significance of Serology by Multi-Antigen ELISA for Tissue Helminthiases in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1118-1123. [PMID: 28581268 PMCID: PMC5461315 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is clinically important to differentiate tissue-invading helminthiasis. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody positive rates for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis 4 helminthiases from 1996 to 2006 using multi-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Korea. Results of 6,017 samples, which were referred to our institute for serodiagnosis, were analyzed. The subjects with positive serum IgG antibodies were 1,502 (25.0%) for any of the 4 helminthiases. The overall positive numbers for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis were 728 (12.1%), 166 (2.8%), 729 (12.1%), and 263 (4.4%), respectively. The positive serologic reaction to multi-antigens was determined in 309 (20.6%) of the 1,502 total seropositive subjects. Those with multi-antigen positivity were regarded as positive for the antigen of strongest reaction but cross-reaction to others with weak positive reaction. Annual seropositive rates for those 4 tissue helminthiases ranged from 12.1% to 35.7%. The highest rate was observed in age from 60 to 69 years old and prevalence of men (27.4%; 1,030/3,763) was significantly higher than of women (19.1%; 332/1,741). Hospital records of 165 ELISA positive patients were reviewed to confirm correlation with their clinical diagnosis. Paragonimiasis was highly correlated as 81.8% (9/11), cysticercosis 29.9% (20/67), clonorchiasis 29.0% (20/69), and sparganosis 11.1% (2/18). In conclusion, the multi-antigen ELISA using 4 helminth antigens is useful to differentiate suspected tissue-invading helminthiases, especially ELISA diagnosis of paragonimiasis is reliable. The seropositivity is still high among suspected patients in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Eun Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Research Bank, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Don Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a parasite infection caused by the larva of a tapeworm of the genus Spirometra. Ocular, central nervous system, auricular, pulmonary, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous manifestations of this infection in the neck or inguinal region have been described.The authors report the rare occurrence of cutaneous forehead sparganosis of a 19-year-old male who presented with a soft subcutaneous mass in the forehead, along with a related literature review.
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Thammachantha S, Kunnatiranont R, Polpong P. A Case of Cerebral Cysticercosis in Thailand. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:793-795. [PMID: 28095665 PMCID: PMC5266356 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis and sparganosis are not uncommon parasitic infections in the developing world. Central nervous system infection by both cestodes can present with neurological signs and symptoms, such as seizure and mass effect, including brain hernia. Early detection and accurate diagnosis can prevent a fatal outcome. Histological examinations of brain tissues can confirm the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis, which differs from sparganosis by the presence of a cavitated body. We report here a case of cerebral cysticercosis which has the similar clinical and imaging findings as sparganosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratana Kunnatiranont
- Department of Neuroradiology, Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongwat Polpong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Noiphithak R, Doungprasert G. A case of disseminated central nervous system sparganosis. Surg Neurol Int 2016; 7:S958-S961. [PMID: 28031991 PMCID: PMC5180432 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.195236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sparganosis is a very rare parasitic infection in various organs caused by the larvae of tapeworms called spargana. The larva usually lodges in the central nervous system (CNS) and the orbit. However, lumbar spinal canal involvement, as noted in the present case, is extremely rare. We report a rare case of disseminated CNS sparganosis involving the brain and spinal canal and review the literature. Case Description: A 54-year-old man presented with progressive low back pain and neurological deficit at the lumbosacral level for 2 months. Imaging indicated arachnoiditis and an abnormal lesion at the L4-5 vertebral level. The patient underwent laminectomy of the L4-5 with lesionectomy and lysis of adhesions between the nerve roots. Microscopic examination indicated sparganum infection. Further brain imaging revealed evidence of chronic inflammation in the left parieto-occipital area without evidence of live parasites. In addition, an ophthalmologist reported a nonactive lesion in the right conjunctiva. The patient recovered well after surgery, although he had residual back pain and bladder dysfunction probably due to severe adhesion of the lumbosacral nerve roots. Conclusion: CNS sparganosis can cause various neurological symptoms similar to those of other CNS infections. A preoperative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is helpful for diagnosis, especially in endemic areas. Surgical removal of the worm remains the treatment of choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raywat Noiphithak
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Gahn Doungprasert
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Jo GD, Lee JY, Hong ST, Kim JH, Han JK. Presumptive case of sparganosis manifesting as a hepatic mass: A case report and literature review. World J Radiol 2016; 8:846-850. [PMID: 27843543 PMCID: PMC5084062 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i10.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 60-year-old man was admitted due to rectosigmoid colon cancer, and a hepatic mass was incidentally found during the staging work-up. The mass appeared cystic with a thick wall and contained multiple bizarre cord-like structures on ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The differential diagnoses included organizing abscess/hematoma, foreign body granuloma and parasite infestation. Serologic study revealed anti-sparganum antibodies. Over 4-year follow-up, the patient did not complain of symptoms, and no changes in the characteristics of the liver mass were observed. Hepatic sparganosis is rare; only two cases have been clinically reported, and no detailed radiologic description was available until now. This case report presents a detailed radiologic description of a hepatic mass that could most likely represent hepatic sparganosis.
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Kavana N, Sonaimuthu P, Kasanga C, Kassuku A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Fong MY, Khan MB, Mahmud R, Lau YL. Seroprevalence of Sparganosis in Rural Communities of Northern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:874-876. [PMID: 27481059 PMCID: PMC5062792 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the seroprevalence of sparganosis and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in northern Tanzania have been assessed. A total of 216 serum samples from two rural districts, Monduli and Babati, were tested for sparganosis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seroprevalence of anti-sparganum IgG antibodies was 62.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 56.1–68.9) in all age groups. There were significant associations between district (relative risk [RR] = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.42–2.69), education (RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.15–1.70), and pet ownership with seropositivity (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02–2.16) based on univariate analysis. However, only the district was significantly associated with seropositivity (odds ratio = 4.20, 95% CI = 1.89–9.32) in binary logistic regression analysis. Providing health education to people residing in sparganosis-endemic areas is likely to improve the efficacy of preventative measures and reduce human disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kavana
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Parthasarathy Sonaimuthu
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Kasanga
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ayub Kassuku
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Endemic and Tropical Diseases Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mun Yik Fong
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Behram Khan
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohela Mahmud
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Kim JK, Baek DH, Lee BE, Kim GH, Song GA, Park DY. Endoscopic resection of sparganosis presenting as colon submucosal tumor: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4776-4780. [PMID: 27217709 PMCID: PMC4870084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i19.4776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a rare parasitic disease caused by infection with the tapeworm Sparganum, the migrating plerocercoid (second stage) larva of Spirometra species. Sparganosis usually involves subcutaneous tissues and/or muscles of various parts of the body, but involvement of other sites such as the brain, eye, peritoneopleural cavity, urinary track, scrotum, and abdominal viscera has also been documented. Infections caused by sparganum have a worldwide distribution but are most common in Southeast Asia such as China, Japan, and South Korea. Rectal sparganosis is an uncommon disease but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual and suspicious rectal submucosal tumors. We report a case of rectal sparganosis presenting as rectal submucosal tumor. We performed endoscopic submucosal dissection of the rectal submucosal tumor. The sparganosis was confirmed based on the presence of calcospherules in the submucosal layer on histological examination. Moreover, the result of the immunoglobulin G antibody test for sparganosis was positive but became negative after endoscopic submucosal dissection. Though rare, rectal sparganosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rectal submucosal tumor-like lesions. This case suggests that physicians should make effort to exclude sparganosis through careful diagnostic approaches, including detailed history taking and serological tests for parasites. In this report, we aimed to highlight the clinical presentation of Sparganum infection as a rectal submucosal tumor.
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Liu Q, Li MW, Wang ZD, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ. Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:1226-1235. [PMID: 26364132 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a food borne zoonosis caused by the plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms of the genus Spirometra. Human infections are acquired by ingesting the raw or undercooked meat of snakes or frogs, drinking untreated water, or using raw flesh in traditional poultices. More than 1600 cases of sparganosis have been documented worldwide, mostly in east and southeast Asia. Sporadic cases have been reported in South America, Europe, and Africa, and several cases have been described in travellers returning from endemic regions. Epidemiological data suggest that the increased effect of sparganosis on human health is because of greater consumption of raw meat of freshwater frogs and snakes. This Review provides information about the Spirometra parasites and their lifecycles, summarises clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human sparganosis, and describes geographical distribution and infection characteristics of Spirometra parasites in host animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguangyan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Wang
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Kim DW, Yoo WG, Lee MR, Yang HW, Kim YJ, Cho SH, Lee WJ, Ju JW. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the zoonotic parasite Spirometra erinacei spargana (plerocercoids). Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:368. [PMID: 25128015 PMCID: PMC4262225 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although spargana, which are the plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei, are of biological and clinical importance, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from this parasite have not been explored. To understand molecular and biological features of this parasite, sparganum ESTs were examined by large-scale EST sequencing and multiple bioinformatics tools. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from spargana and then ESTs were generated, assembled and sequenced. Many biological aspects of spargana were investigated using multi-step bioinformatics tools. RESULTS A total of 5,634 ESTs were collected from spargana. After clustering and assembly, the functions of 1,794 Sparganum Assembled ESTs (SpAEs) including 934 contigs and 860 singletons were analyzed. A total of 1,351 (75%) SpAEs were annotated using a hybrid of BLASTX and InterProScan. Of these genes, 1,041 (58%) SpAEs had high similarity to tapeworms. In the context of the biology of sparganum, our analyses reveal: (i) a highly expressed fibronectin 1, a ubiquitous and abundant glycoprotein; (ii) up-regulation of enzymes related with glycolysis pathway; (iii) most frequent domains of protein kinase and RNA recognition motif domain; (iv) a set of helminth-parasitic and spargana-specific genes that may offer a number of antigen candidates. CONCLUSIONS Our transcriptomic analysis of S. erinacei spargana demonstrates biological aspects of a parasite that invades and travels through subcutaneous tissue in intermediate hosts. Future studies should include comparative analyses using combinations of transcriptome and proteome data collected from the entire life cycle of S. erinacei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Boonyasiri A, Cheunsuchon P, Srirabheebhat P, Yamasaki H, Maleewong W, Intapan PM. Sparganosis presenting as cauda equina syndrome with molecular identification of the parasite in tissue sections. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:739-42. [PMID: 24516282 PMCID: PMC3916466 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 52-year-old woman presented with lower back pain, progressive symmetrical paraparesis with sensory impairment, and sphincter disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole spine revealed multiple intradural extramedullary serpiginous-mass lesions in the subarachnoid space continuously from the prepontine to the anterior part of the medulla oblongata levels, C7, T2-T8, and T12 vertebral levels distally until the end of the theca sac and filling-in the right S1 neural foramen. Sparganosis was diagnosed by demonstration of the sparganum in histopathological sections of surgically resected tissues and also by the presence of serum IgG antibodies by ELISA. DNA was extracted from unstained tissue sections, and a partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was amplified using a primer set specific for Spirometra spp. cox1. After sequencing of the PCR-amplicon and alignment of the nucleotide sequence data, the causative agent was identified as the larva of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adhiratha Boonyasiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pornsuk Cheunsuchon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Prajak Srirabheebhat
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Kim HR, Lee SM, Won JW, Lim W, Moon BI, Yang HJ, Seoh JY. Functional changes in regulatory T cells during an experimental infection with sparganum (plerocercofid of Spirometra mansoni). Immunology 2013; 138:57-67. [PMID: 23078673 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important in the regulation of immune response, but the exact regulation of Treg-cell function in vivo is still not well known. In the present study, we investigated the functional activity of CD4(+) CD25(+) Treg cells as well as the frequency and number of CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Treg cells in the spleens of experimentally infected mice with a tissue-migrating parasite, sparganum (plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni) for 3 weeks. The results demonstrated fluctuations in the Treg-cell function during the parasite infection, being up-regulated at day 3, down-regulated until day 14, and thereafter up-regulated again at day 21. We also investigated the cytokine-producing capability of the splenocytes to study the pattern of immune response of the mice to the parasite. The results showed decreased capabilities of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17α production, whereas IL-4-producing and IL-10-producing capabilities were increased along with the parasitic infection. Meanwhile, IL-6-producing capability was increased to reach a peak at week 2, and thereafter was decreased to the baseline level. As a regulatory mechanism, we found that Treg-cell function was attenuated in the presence of the crude extracts of sparganum, but was enhanced in the presence of the excretory-secretory products, suggesting that sparganum products were involved in the triggering and regulation of immune response in the acute and chronic phases, respectively. Results show that Treg cells are central in the immune homeostasis in vivo that is maintained by host-parasite interactions during the parasitic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Kavitha KT, Latha BR, Bino Sundar ST, Sridhar R, Abdul Basith S. Sparganosis in Russell's viper snake: a case report. J Parasit Dis 2013; 38:394-5. [PMID: 25320490 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the plerocercoid larva, Sparganum of Sparganum spp. in two Russell's viper snakes maintained in Chennai snake park trust, Chennai is reported for the first time from Southern India. The cestode larvae were found in the sub cutis and were flat, solid, wrinkled, ribbon like creamy white in colour with peudosegmentation with anterior end possessing bothria. The cuticles, subcuticular cells and parenchymatous tissue stained by acetic alum carmine further confirmed the cestode larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K T Kavitha
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - B R Latha
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - S T Bino Sundar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India ; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - S Abdul Basith
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Gong C, Liao W, Chineah A, Wang X, Hou BL. Cerebral sparganosis in children: epidemiological, clinical and MR imaging characteristics. BMC Pediatr 2012; 12:155. [PMID: 23006504 PMCID: PMC3484034 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral sparganosis in children is an extremely rare disease of central nervous system, and caused by a tapeworm larva from the genus of Spirometra. In this study, we discussed and summarized epidemiological, clinical and MR imaging characteristics of eighteen children with cerebral sparganosis for a better diagnosis and treatment of the disease. METHODS Eighteen children with cerebral sparganosis verified by pathology, serological tests and MR presentations were retrospectively investigated, and the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the disease were studied. RESULTS Twenty-seven lesions were found in the eighteen children. Twelve lesions in twelve patients were solitary while the lesions in the rest six patients were multiple and asymmetrical. The positions of the lesions were: seven in frontal, eleven in parietal, four in temporal and two in occipital lobes, one in basal ganglia, one in cerebella hemisphere and one in pons. The lesions were presented as slight hypointensity on T1-weighted images but moderate hyperintensity on T2-weighted images with perilesional brain parenchyma edema. Enhanced MR scans by using Gadopentetic Acid Dimeglumine Salt were performed in the patients, and the images demonstrated abnormal enhancements with the patterns of a peripheral ring, or a tortuous beaded, or a serpiginous tubular shape. Follow-up MR scans were preformed for eight patients, and three out of the eight cases exposed migrations and changes in shapes of the lesion areas. CONCLUSIONS The MR presentations in our study in general were similar to those in previous studies. However serpiginous tubular and comma-shaped enhancements of lesions have not been previously reported. The enhanced MR imaging and follow-up MR scans with the positive results from serological tests are the most important methods for the clinical diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Gong
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Choi MH, Kim HT, Kwak TY, Eom SH, Kim YS, Kwak DH, Kim JH. Praziquantel Treatment of an Eosinophilic Pleuritis Patient Suspected to Be Due to Sparganum Infection. Infect Chemother 2012. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2012.44.6.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwak's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ho Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwak's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Yeong Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwak's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwak's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeong Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwak's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Hyup Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwak's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kwak's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Deng L, Xiong P, Qian S. Diagnosis and stereotactic aspiration treatment of cerebral sparganosis: summary of 11 cases. J Neurosurg 2011; 114:1421-5. [PMID: 20486898 DOI: 10.3171/2010.4.jns1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Cerebral sparganosis is a rare but underestimated parasitic disease caused by infestation by sparganum. It is difficult to make a confirmed preoperational diagnosis of this disease given the absence of characteristic clinical manifestations. A detailed protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral sparganosis is still lacking in the literature. In this article the authors set out comprehensive procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral sparganosis, describing the use of a stereotactic aspiration technique complemented by microsurgery based on experience gained from multiple cases.
Methods
The disease history, clinical manifestations, imaging features, and therapeutic procedures for 11 patients with cerebral sparganosis were retrospectively analyzed. Stereotactic aspiration procedures were performed in all 11 patients and were complemented by microsurgeries in 3 patients. The learning and experience gained from these treatments were summarized, and a comprehensive protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral sparganosis was reviewed.
Results
Larvae of Spirometra mansoni were taken from all 11 patients: completely removed in 10 cases and partially removed in 1 case (discovered later). After surgery, clinical symptoms in all 11 patients were significantly improved. All epileptic symptoms were successfully cured, although in 1 case occasional seizures still occurred because of the incomplete removal of the larva. Muscle strength in the 4 patients who had hemiparesis prior to surgery recovered to normal. Symptoms in the 1 patient who had presented with partial body sensory disturbance resolved after surgery. There were no complications or deaths.
Conclusions
The authors concluded that an effective preoperative diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis can be made by detailed inquiry into the possible infection history and disease symptoms as well as careful scrutiny of characteristic radiological features and immunological testing results. In stereotactic operations performed to remove the larva, priority should be given to image-guided stereotactic aspiration given that it causes the smallest wounds. In cases in which stereotactic aspiration fails, stereotactic microsurgery should be performed to remove the larva. The surgeon must carefully avoid breaking the larva and leaving behind any larva residue during surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, No. 94 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Xiong
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, No. 94 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Suokai Qian
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, No. 94 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Park JH, Park YS, Kim JS, Roh SW. Sparganosis in the lumbar spine : report of two cases and review of the literature. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2011; 49:241-4. [PMID: 21607186 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2011.49.4.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection affecting various organs, including the central nervous system, especially the lumbar epidural space. This report describes the identification of disease and different strategies of treatments with preoperative information. A 42-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of urinary incontinence and impotence. He had a history of ingesting raw frogs 40 years ago. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed an intramedullary nodular mass at conus medullaris and severe inflammation in the cauda equina. A 51-year-old woman was admitted with acute pain in the left inguinal area. We observed a lesion which seemed to be a tumor of the lumbar epidural space on MR imaging. She also had a history of ingesting inadequately cooked snakes 10 years ago. In the first patient, mass removal was attempted through laminectomy and parasite infection was identified during intra-operative frozen biopsy. Total removal could not be performed because of severe arachnoiditis and adhesion. We therefore decided to terminate the operation and final histology confirmed dead sparganum infection. We also concluded further surgical trial for total removal of the dead worm and inflammatory grannulation totally. However, after seeing another physician at different hospital, he was operated again which resulted in worsening of pain and neurological deficit. In the second patient, we totally removed dorsal epidural mass. Final histology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed living sparganum infection and her pain disappeared. Although the treatment of choice is surgical resection of living sparganum with inflammation, the attempt to remove dead worm and adhesive granulation tissue may cause unwanted complications to the patients. Therefore, the result of preoperative ELISA, as well as the information from image and history, must be considered as important factors to decide whether a surgery is necessary or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Lee JH, Kim GH, Kim SM, Lee SY, Lee WY, Bae JW, Shin KS, Hwang KK, Kim DW, Cho MC. A case of sparganosis that presented as a recurrent pericardial effusion. Korean Circ J 2011; 41:38-42. [PMID: 21359068 PMCID: PMC3040402 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis is caused by a larval tapeworm of the genus Spirometra, which commonly invades subcutaneous tissue, but less frequently invades muscle, intestines, spinal cord, and the peritoneopleural cavity. The authors managed a female patient who presented with a recurrent pericardiopleural effusion and peripheral eosinophilia. The anti-sparganum-specific IgG serum level was significantly higher than normal control levels. In this patient, sparganosis was caused by the ingestion of raw frogs in an effort to control her thyroid disease. The recurrent pericardiopleural effusion and peripheral eosinophilia were controlled by 3 consecutive doses of praziquantel (75 mg/kg/day). The patient is doing well 4 years after presentation. Sparganosis should be considered a rare, but possible cause of recurrent pericardial effusion and peripheral eosinophilia. Immunoserologic testing using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays can be helpful in diagnosing human sparganosis, especially in cases without a subcutaneous lump or mass. Praziquantel is an alternative treatment for sparganosis in surgically-unresectable cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Serodiagnosis of experimental sparganum infections of mice and human sparganosis by ELISA using ES antigens of Spirometra mansoni spargana. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:1551-6. [PMID: 21181193 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a study of serodiagnosis of experimental sparganum infections of mice and human sparganosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Spirometra mansoni spargana and compared the sensitivity and specificity of crude and ES antigens for detecting the specific anti-sparganum IgG antibodies. By crude antigen ELISA and ES antigen ELISA, anti-sparganum IgG was detected in all of 30 serum samples of the infected mice; no cross-reactions were observed in serum samples of the mice infected with Trichinella spiralis, Schistosoma japanicum, Toxoplasma gondii, and normal mice. Anti-sparganum IgG was detected by ES antigen ELISA in sera of mice infected with one, two, four, six, and eight spargana at 3 weeks post-infection (wpi), with a detection rate of 100%, and lasted to 18 wpi when the experiment was ended. The difference in anti-sparganum antibody levels among five groups of the infected mice was statistically significant (F=245.296, p<0.05); the antibody levels were correlated with infecting doses of spargana (r=0.323, p<0.05). The sensitivity of both ELISA in detecting the serum samples of patients with sparganosis was 100% (20/20), but 96.72% (59/61) of specificity of ES antigen ELISA in detecting serum samples of patients with cysticercosis, echinococcosis, paragonimiosis, clonorchiosis, and schistosomiasis, and healthy persons was significantly greater than 72.13% (44/61) of crude antigen ELISA (χ (2) = 14.027, p<0.05). Our finding indicates that ELISA using ES antigens of S. mansoni spargana may be applied to the specific early serodiagnosis of sparganosis.
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Lee MK, Hong SJ, Kim HR. Seroprevalence of tissue invading parasitic infections diagnosed by ELISA in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:1272-6. [PMID: 20808668 PMCID: PMC2923801 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.9.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seroprevalence of the IgG antibodies for Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Taenia solium metacestode (cysticercus), and Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid (sparganum) was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera of patients in Korea from 1993 to 2006. A total of 74,448 specimens referred nationwide from 121 hospitals revealed an IgG positive rate of 7.6% for the 4 parasites. The IgG positive rate (18.7%) for the 4 parasites in 1993 decreased gradually to 6.6% in 2006. Individual positive rate decreased from 5.2% (1993) to 1.6% (2006) for C. sinensis, from 2.8% (1993) to 1.1% (2006) for P. westermani, from 8.3% (1993) to 2.2% (2006) for cysticercus, and from 2.6% (1993) to 1.6% (2006) for sparganum. The positive rate was highest (21.2%) in the group of patients who ranged in age from 50-59 yr old, and in the group that was referred from the Seoul area (55.9%). In conclusion, our results suggest that tissue invading parasitic infections should always be included in differential diagnosis for patients with eosinophilia associated lesions of the central nervous system, liver, and lungs in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Cho SY. Fifty years of the Korean Society for Parasitology. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2009; 47 Suppl:S7-19. [PMID: 19885338 PMCID: PMC2769211 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.s.s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In 1959, the Korean Society for Parasitology was founded by clinical scientists, specialists of public health, and 5 core parasitologists with experience in American science and medicine. The Society this year celebrates its 50th anniversary. Due to public health importance at the time of foundation, medical parasitology was the main stream for next 3 decades. Domestic problems of niche parasitic diseases, unlisted in 6 tropical diseases of major importance, had been studied by own efforts. To cope with the demand of parasite control, evaluation system for control activity was built up. Control activity against soil-transmitted nematodes, conducted for almost 3 decades, was evaluated as a success. Evaluation of praziquantel efficacy for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and neurocysticercosis, population dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a situation of continuous reinfections, diagnostic modalities of antibody tests combined with brain imaging developed for helminthiasis of the central nervous system and researches on intestinal trematodes were achievements in the first 30 years. During the recent 2 decades, science researches, such as cell and molecular biology of parasites and immunology of parasitic infections have been studied especially on parasitic allergens and proteolytic and anti-oxidant enzymes. Experiences of international cooperation for world health have been accumulated and would be expanded in the future.
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Yang HJ. Separation of the syncytial layer of spargana using urea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2009; 47:69-71. [PMID: 19290096 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tegument of tapeworms is known to be composed of an outer syncytial cytoplasm layer which includes microtriches and cytoplasmic organelles (= syncytial layer), and a parenchymatous cytoplasm layer that contains subtegumental cell nuclei (= subtegumental layer) and organelles. In the present study, separation of the syncytial layer of the sparganum, the plerocercoid stage of Spirometra mansoni, was tried using urea as the chemical reagent. Histological sections were prepared to visualize the status of separation after staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The results showed that the syncytial layer of the sparganum tegument which includes microtriches and cytoplasmic organelles were successfully separated from the parenchyma using 3 M urea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jong Yang
- Department of Parasitology and Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Global Challenge, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe of peritoneal manifestations of parasitic infection at CT. A broad spectrum of CT findings can be seen in the peritoneal cavity, including a varying degree of omental or mesenteric infiltration, single or multiple peritoneal mass or nodule, and peritoneal thickening or stranding. Recognition of these findings are crucial for establish an early diagnosis and helps avoid unnecessary surgery.
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Shen C, Li S, Zheng S, Choi MH, Bae YM, Hong ST. Tissue parasitic helminthiases are prevalent at Cheongjin, North Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2007; 45:139-44. [PMID: 17570978 PMCID: PMC2526307 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a small-scale serological survey to screen tissue-parasitic helminthiases of North Koreans as one of research programs for re-unification of Korea. Soil-transmitted helminthiases were found highly prevalent among North Korean residents at the border with China. ELISA using 4 tissue-parasitic helminth antigens was applied to 137 residents living in Cheongjin-shi, Hamgyeongbuk-do, North Korea and 133 female refugees in South Korea in 2004-2005. Among a total of 270 samples, 31 (11.5%), 25 (9.3%), and 11 (4.1%) were positive for specific IgG antibodies to antigens of Clonorchis sinensis, Taenia solium metacestode, and sparganum, respectively. The overall positive rate was 21.5%; 38.2% in males and 15.8% in females. The present finding suggests that tissue parasites, such as C. sinensis, T. solium metacestode and sparganum are highly prevalent in some limited areas of North Korea. These foodborne tissue-parasitic helminthiases should be considered for future control measures of parasitic diseases in North Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Shen
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Koo JH, Cho WH, Kim HT, Lee SM, Chung BS, Joo CY. A case of sparganosis mimicking a varicose vein. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2006; 44:91-4. [PMID: 16514289 PMCID: PMC2532653 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in radiological and serological techniques have enabled easier preoperative diagnosis of sparganosis. However, due to scarcity of cases, sparganosis has been often regarded as a disease of other etiologic origin unless the parasite is confirmed in the lesion. We experienced a case of sparganosis mimicking a varicose vein in terms of clinical manifestations and radiological findings. Sparganosis should be included among the list of differential diagnosis with the varicose vein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Yang HJ. Modification of carbohydrate compositions of 31/36 kDa proteins of plerocercoids (sparganum) of Spirometra mansoni grown in different intermediate hosts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2004; 42:77-9. [PMID: 15181348 PMCID: PMC2717346 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We purified specific 31/36 kDa antigenic molecules from sparganum in different intermediate hosts (snakes and mice) and analyzed their monosaccharide compositions. Compositional analysis showed that glucose and mannose concentrations were 2-3 fold higher in the 31/36 kDa molecule purified from snakes than those from mice. This result implies that antigenic glycoproteins of sparganum from snakes might be modified in mammalian sparganosis with respect to their carbohydrate composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Chung YB, Kong Y, Yang HJ. Enzymatic N-glycan analysis of 31 kDa molecule in plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni (sparganum) and its antigenicity after chemical oxidation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2004; 42:57-60. [PMID: 15181344 PMCID: PMC2717342 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly specific antigenic protein of 31 kDa from plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni (sparganum) was obtained by gelatin affinity and Mono Q anion-exchange column chromatography. The purified 31 kDa protein was subjected to N-glycan enzymatic digestion for structural analysis. The relative electrophoretic mobility was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, before and after digestion. On SDS-PAGE after enzymatic digestion, the 31 kDa protein showed a molecular shift of approximately 2 kDa, which indicated the possession of complex N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycosidase F sensitive) but not of high-mannose oligosaccharides (endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, non-sensitive). Chemically periodated 31 kDa protein showed statistically non-significant changes with human sparganosis sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Therefore, the dominant epitopes of the 31 kDa molecule in human sparganosis were found to be mainly polypeptide, while N-glycans of the antigenic molecule in sparganum was minimal in anti-carbohydrate antibody production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bae Chung
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine and Institute of Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Lee KJ, Bae YT, Kim DH, Deung YK, Ryang YS. A seroepidemiologic survey for human sparganosis in Gangweon-do. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2002; 40:177-80. [PMID: 12509101 PMCID: PMC2721028 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2002.40.4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gangweon-do is known to be highly endemic area of sparganosis more than other provinces in Korea. A seroepidmiologic examination for the detection of anti-Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid IgG in serum was carried out in normal inhabitants in Hongcheon-gun, Gangweon-do. Sere were tested by enzyme-linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) for the anti-sparganum antibodies. Positive rate for anti-sparganum antibody in 719 adults was 3.3%. Data of the questionnaire for 24 ELISA positive inhabitants revealed that 20 had a history of eating raw meat of snakes, 24 had a history of eating frogs, and 24 had a history of drinking stream water. Two positive cases had a past history of sparganosis. Two positive cases showed current symptoms of sparganosis. The data revealed that ELISA would be useful to find infected cases among normal inhabitants at sparganosis-endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Wonju college of medicine and IFBB, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Park HY, Lee SU, Huh S, Kong Y, Magnaval JF. A seroepidemiological survey for toxocariasis in apparently healthy residents in Gangwon-do, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2002; 40:113-7. [PMID: 12325440 PMCID: PMC2721037 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2002.40.3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the sero-prevalence of toxocariasis among healthy Korean adults in 1999. A total of 314 sera from normal inhabitants in Whachon-gun, Gangwondo, Korea was examined for specific antibody levels against excretory-secretory products of second stage larvae of Toxocara (TES). The presence of cross-reactions with other helminthiases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, sparganosis or clonorchiasis was also checked by specific IgG ELISA. Sera showing positive reaction against TES were also tested by IgG immunoblot and by IgE ELISA. Out of 314 subjects, 16 was found to be positive by TES IgG ELISA and immunoblot, among whom 12 were also positive by TES IgE ELISA. Among the 16 seropositive samples, two sera showed positive reaction against Paragonimus and sparganum antigen, respectively. These results inferred that cross-reactions were negligible between toxocariasis and other helminthiases. Toxocariasis seroprevalence among Korean rural adults was detected to be approximately 5%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Chung YB, Kong Y, Yang HJ, Cho SY. IgG antibody responses in early experimental sparganosis and IgG subclass responses in human sparganosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2000; 38:145-50. [PMID: 11002649 PMCID: PMC2721193 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic components in the crude extracts of Spirometra mansoni plerocercoid were analyzed in early experimental infections and in IgG subclass observed in clinical sparganosis. By IgG immunoblot, sera obtained serially from experimental mice, fed 5 spargana each, were reacted with the crude extracts. Protein bands at 36-26 kDa and 103 kDa showed positive reactions since two weeks after infection. In a differential immunoblot, in which a monospecific antibody against sparganum chymase at 36 kDa was pre-treated, the reactions at 36-26 kDa disappeared, indicating that the sparganum chymase and its degradation products invoked IgG antibody reactions. When 69 patients sera of human sparganosis were examined for their IgG subclass responses, IgG4 levels showed the highest reaction which was followed by IgG1. The IgG4 antibody also reacted mainly with 36-31 kDa protease. These results indicate that 36 kDa chymase of S. mansoni plerocercoid is the main antigenic component inducing IgG antibody response in early stage of experimental sparganosis and for specific IgG subclass reactions in human sparganosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Chung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Nishiyama T, Ide T, Himes SR, Ishizaka S, Araki T. Immunodiagnosis of human sparganosis mansoni by micro-chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1994; 88:663-5. [PMID: 7886764 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared a microcolorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (colorimetric ELISA) and a microchemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (chemiluminescence ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum of 9 patients with sparganosis mansoni and 9 healthy controls. The chemiluminescence ELISA was able to measure serum levels of specific IgG over a far wider range than the colorimetric assay, and its detection limit was at least 10-fold lower. An additional 5 sera from sparganosis patients and 5 more from healthy controls, together with sera from 28 patients with other parasitic diseases, were also examined by the chemiluminescence ELISA. All 14 patients with sparaganosis mansoni showed high levels of chemiluminescence (21,302 +/- 18,907 counts per second [cps]). All sera from the 14 healthy controls (1580 +/- 569 cps) and sera from 27 of the 28 patients with other parasites (4 with taeniasis saginata [1767 +/- 501 cps], 11 with diphyllobothriasis latum [1479 +/- 501 cps], 13 with cysticercosis cellulosae [2376 +/- 1437 cps]) showed chemiluminescence levels lower than those of any of the sparganosis mansoni patients. The exception was a patient with cysticercosis (5980 cps), who may have had a dual infection with Cysticercus cellulosae and Sparganum mansoni. Thus, the chemiluminescence ELISA demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for human sparganosis mansoni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nishiyama
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the first case of cerebral sparganosis diagnosed in Australia. CLINICAL FEATURES A 23-year-old East Timorese refugee, whose diet before migration included raw snakes and frogs, presented with a generalised tonic-clonic seizure and a nine-month history of episodic left hemianaesthesia. Computerised axial tomography of the brain showed a right frontal lesion, which was excised, and histological examination demonstrated changes typical of sparganosis. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME Excision of the lesion resulted in cure. Postoperative eosinophilia and a subcutaneous nodule presumed to be due to disseminated sparganosis resolved following a course of praziquantel. CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider the possibility of unusual parasitic infections in refugees who present with intracranial space-occupying lesions, especially those from developing countries. A dietary history may aid the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Munckhof
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Kong Y, Cho SY, Kang WS. Sparganum infections in normal adult population and epileptic patients in Korea: a seroepidemiologic observation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1994; 32:85-92. [PMID: 8025037 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1994.32.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A seroepidemiologic observation of anti-Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid (sparganum) antibody (IgG) in serum was made in normal adult and epileptic patients in Korea from February, 1987 to September, 1990. Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-sparganum antibody together with anti-Taenia solium metacestode, and anti-Paragonimus westermani antibodies. Sera reacted positively to sparganum antigen only were considered. Positive rate for anti-sparganum antibody in 850 normal adults was 1.9% (standardized rate by provincial population was 1.7%). In 2,667 randomly selected patients of epilepsy at 28 local centers of the Changmi Club, positive rate was 2.5% (standardized rate: 2.3%). In both normal adult and patient groups, the higher antibody rates were observed in Kangwon and Chonnam Provinces. Positive rates were 10 times higher in male than in female in normal adults and 4.5 times in male epileptic patients. The rates were elevated especially with age over 30-year. Odd ratio of the antibody was 1.32 which indicated an ambiguous etiologic factor for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Sohn WM, Hong ST, Chai JY, Lee SH. [Infectivity of the sparganum treated by praziquantel, gamma-irradiation and mechanical cutting]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1993; 31:135-9. [PMID: 8343455 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1993.31.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study was performed to observe the infectivity of sparganum (plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei) treated by praziquantel, gamma-irradiation and mechanical cutting. The spargana were obtained from the naturally infected European grass snake, Rhabdophis tigrina, or from the experimentally infected mice. A total of 83 mice (ICR strain) were divided into 3 experimental groups by the source of the damage, fed each with 5 spargana, and sacrificed 1 month later for worm recovery. In the praziquantel group, the worms were incubated in the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (control: Tyrode for 4 hours) for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours at 36 degrees C, and fed to mice. The recovery rate from mice in praziquantel group was not different from that (80%) of control group and in the range of 76-100%. In the gamma-irradiation group, the worms were irradiated by 10-1000 Gy with Cs137. The average recovery rates of 69-100% were not different from that of control up to 100 Gy. The rate was 56% under 150 Gy, and 5% by 1000 Gy. In the mechanical cutting group, the worms were cut at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mm from the anterior end of the scolex. The average recovery rates in each group were 70-90% and that of control was 90%. The present finding suggests that the sparganum be highly resistant to praziquantel, gamma-irradiation and mechanical cutting. The vitality center of the sparganum must be at the anterior end of its scolex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M Sohn
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Pusan, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Abstract
We report a case of eosinophilic cystitis caused by vesical sparganosis. The patient had a history of eating raw frogs and presented with a mass in the bladder associated with peripheral eosinophilia and increased serum antibody titer against sparganum. Pathologically, a characteristic sinuous necrosis representing worm tracks was noted with massive diffuse infiltration of eosinophils in the wall of the bladder. The serum titer of sparganum-specific antibody returned to normal after surgical resection of the lesion. This finding emphasizes the importance of suspecting parasitic origin in cases of eosinophilic cystitis with a history of raw meat ingestion in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
43
|
Lee JH, Kong Y, Ryu JY, Cho SY. Applicability of ABC-ELISA and protein A-ELISA in serological diagnosis of cysticercosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1993; 31:49-56. [PMID: 8512899 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1993.31.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Specific antibody test in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is still the main mode of serological diagnosis of cysticercosis. Of different techniques of antibody test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) has widely been applied. This study was undertaken to observe whether diagnostic capability can be improved by applying more sensitive techniques such as Protein A-ELISA and avidin biotin complex ELISA (ABC-ELISA). When evaluated using 115 sera of human cysticercosis, the antibody positive rates were not significantly improved in Protein A-ELISA (82.6%) and in ABC-ELISA (86.1%) than in micro-ELISA (81.7%). The specificities, evaluated in 165 sera from other diseases and normal controls, were significantly improved (88.5% by micro-ELISA, 93.3% by Protein A-ELISA and 93.8% by ABC-ELISA). Antibody levels (absorbance, abs.) in individual serum were correlated well (r = 0.83-0.86) each other. An actual benefit of Protein A-ELISA and ABC-ELISA was that they needed smaller amount of test sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
44
|
Cho SY, Chung YB, Kong Y. Component proteins and protease activities in excretory-secretory product of sparganum. KISAENGCH'UNGHAK CHAPCHI. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1992; 30:227-30. [PMID: 1420035 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1992.30.3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spirometra mansoni plerocercoid (sparganum) was incubated in saline at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C up to 100 hours. Protein contents in the excretory-secretory product (ESP) were rather constant (mean 7.7 mg of protein/gram of sparganum) in the preparations. Reducing SDS-PAGE of ESP showed similar protein subunit compositions with those in crude extract. Antigenic 36 and 31 kDa proteins were major bands in ESP. ESP exhibited specific activities of protease (2.9-5.3 units/mg) at pH 6.0 and pH 7.5. Presence of protease activity in ESP may be a supporting evidence that hitherto known cysteine protease of sparganum is possibly secreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Song CY, Choi DH, Kim TS, Lee SH. Isolation and partial characterization of cysteine proteinase from sparganum. KISAENGCH'UNGHAK CHAPCHI. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1992; 30:191-9. [PMID: 1420032 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1992.30.3.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A proteolytic enzyme was purified from the tissue extract of spargana (plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei) by DEAE-Trisacryl M ion exchange chromatography and thiopropyl-sepharose affinity chromatography resulted in a 21-fold purification. The proteinase activity was assayed with a synthetic fluorescent substrate, carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified materials revealed a single 28,000 dalton band. Inhibitor profiles of the band indicated that it belonged to cysteine endopeptidases. It exhibited identical pH curves with optimum at pH 5.5, and 50% activity from pH 4.7 to 8. It could completely degrade collagen chains to three identical products. It also showed some activity on hemoglobin. Furthermore, the band on immunoblots was reactive to the sera of sparganosis patients. These results suggest that the proteolytic enzyme belongs to cysteine proteinase which plays a role in the tissue penetration. Also it may be used as the antigen for diagnosis of active sparganosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Song
- Department of Biology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Kong Y, Cho SY, Kim SI, Kang SY. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of major component proteins in cystic fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes. KISAENGCH'UNGHAK CHAPCHI. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1992; 30:209-18. [PMID: 1420034 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1992.30.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When cystic fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes (CF) was filtrated through Sephacryl S-300 Superfine, major proteins were in fractions III and IV. Major protein in fraction III was Band C protein of 150 kDa and that in fraction IV was Band N protein (Choi et al., 1990). When CF was electrophoresed in 0.9% agarose gel and reacted with anti-CF rabbit serum (RACF), two main bands, a long outer and a short inner band, were precipitated, together with 8 minor bands. RACF reacted with fraction III forming the long outer band whereas RACF formed the short inner band with fraction IV in immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). The long outer precipitin band of CF fraction III was similar to antigen B in hydatid fluid (HF) of Oriol et al. (1971), while the short inner band of CF fraction IV was similar to HF antigen 5 of Capron et al. (1967). When HF was reacted with RACF, the short inner band was immunoprecipitated without forming the long outer band. Common antigenicity between CF and HF seemed to exist in fraction IV rather than in fraction III of CF. Patient sera of neurocysticercosis reacted more frequently with fraction III than with fraction IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Kim LS, Kong Y, Kang SY, Cho SY. Immunohistochemical localization of 36 and 29 kDa proteins in sparganum. KISAENGCH'UNGHAK CHAPCHI. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1992; 30:25-31. [PMID: 1576111 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1992.30.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic proteins of 36 and 29 kDa were localized in Spirometra mansoni plerocercoid (sparganum) immunohistochemically by avidin biotin complex (ABC) staining. When polyclonal antibodies such as BALB/c mouse serum immunized with crude saline extract of sparganum or confirmed sparganosis sera were reacted as primary antibodies, the positive chromogen (3-amino, 9-ethylcarbazole) reactions were recognized at syncytial tegument, tegumental cells, muscle and parenchymal cells and lining cells of excretory canals. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) which was reacting to 36 and 29 kDa proteins in the extract of the worm was localized at the syncytial tegument and tegumental cells. The present results suggested that the potent antigenic proteins of 36 and 29 kDa in sparganum were produced at the tegumental cells and transported to the syncytial tegument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Kim
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Cho YD, Huh JD, Hwang YS, Kim HK. Sparganosis in the spinal canal with partial block: an uncommon infection. Neuroradiology 1992; 34:241-4. [PMID: 1630620 DOI: 10.1007/bf00596346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A case of rare intraspinal sparganosis treated by surgical excision is described. In this 59-year-old male with paraparesis and voiding problem, an intradural mass was noted on myelogram. Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomographic appearance of spinal and associated cerebral lesion are illustrated and possible route of migration discussed. This represents, to our knowledge, the first MRI demonstration of intraspinal sparganosis reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y D Cho
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kosin Medical Center, Pusan, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Chang KH, Chi JG, Cho SY, Han MH, Han DH, Han MC. Cerebral sparganosis: analysis of 34 cases with emphasis on CT features. Neuroradiology 1992; 34:1-8. [PMID: 1553030 DOI: 10.1007/bf00588423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral sparganosis is a rare parasitic CNS disease, producing chronic active granulomatous inflammation. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data, CT scans and histopathologic specimens in 34 patients with cerebral sparganosis. The majority of the patients (89%) were rural inhabitants; 75% had a history of ingestion of frogs and/or snakes. The major presenting symptoms were seizure (84%), hemiparesis (59%) and headache (56%) of chronic course. On CT scans, the disease most frequently involved the cerebral hemispheres, particularly frontoparietal lobes, with occasional extension to the external and internal capsules and basal ganglia. The cerebellum was rarely involved. Bilateral involvement was seen in 26%. The main CT findings consisted of white matter hypodensity with adjacent ventricular dilatation (88%), irregular or nodular enhancing lesion (88%), and small punctate calcifications (76%). In combination, the CT triad above appears to be specific for this disease, and was noted in 62% of cases. Of 16 follow-up CT scans, 5 (38%) showed a change in the location of the enhancing nodule. With a single CT scan, it does not appear to be possible to determine whether the worm is alive or dead, information important for deciding whether to intervene surgically. Change in the location of the enhancing nodule and/or worsening of the other CT findings on sequential CT scans would suggest that the worm is alive and that the patient is a candidate for surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Chang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Kim CH, Choi WS. [Immunohistochemical observation on the antigens inducing IgG and IgM antibodies against sparganum]. KISAENGCH'UNGHAK CHAPCHI. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 1991; 29:339-53. [PMID: 1804298 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1991.29.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Localization and characterization of the antigenic components of sparganum which induced IgG and IgM antibodies in the host were studied by immunohistochemical techniques and SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The antigen recognized by IgG antibody of rats or mice which were immunized by infection or injection of crude extracts of metacestodes of Spirometra erinacei, was located in the parenchyma of sparganum, especially at the cortex and around the calcareous corpuscles. The immunoreaction was demonstrated not only in the encysted fibrous wall of host but around the arterioles or venules in the connective tissue of host. The antigen recognized by IgM antibody of rats or mice was also observed in the parenchyma of sparganum and in the connective tissue of host. By 5-20% gradient SDS-PAGE and EIBT, we detected antigenic components by IgG and IgM antibodies of the rat or mouse immunized by infection or injection of crude extract of spargana. Twenty-three antigenic bands from crude extracts of spargana were recognized by IgG antibody and 15 components by IgM antibody of immunized rats. Out of the bands recognized by IgG and IgM antibodies, 15 were cross-reacted each other. Twenty components of excretory-secretory proteins from spargana were recognized by IgG, and 5 components by IgM antibody of immunized rats. By IgG and IgM antibodies of immunized mice, 16 components of crude extracts were recognized by IgG antibody and 9 components by IgM antibody. Twenty components of excretory-secretory preparation were recognized by IgG antibody and 5 components by IgM antibody. Thirteen components of crude extracts were cross-reacted by IgG antibody of rats and mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Kim
- Dept. of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Chinju, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|