Ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic techniques and colorectal diseases: Current status and its future

Table 4 Results of published series on surgery vs endoscopic intervention in malignant colorectal polyps and colonic obstruction

No.	Patients	Diagnosis	Complications (%)	Outcome (surgery vs endoscopy)	Ref.
1	Of 2077 patients: Surgical resection (1340), endoscopic polypectomy (737)	Malignant polyp	Surgery: 8.8. Endoscopy: 1.4	1-yr OS (92% vs 75%); 5-yr OS (88% vs 62%)	Cooper et al[136], 2012
2	Of 13157 patients: Surgical resection (11113), endoscopic polypectomy (2044)	Malignant polyp	-	Right colon polyps: < 20 mm polyp: 94.5% vs 94.3% (P = 0.9); 20-39 mm: 91.8% vs 74.2% (P < 0.01); > 40 mm: 92.4% vs 60% (P < 0.01)	Gangireddy et al[137], 2018
3	Of 31062 patients: Surgical resection (28469), endoscopic polypectomy (2593)	Malignant polyp	-	5-yr OS: 86.1% vs 80.6% (P < 0.05)	Lowe et al[138], 2020
4	Of 12 studies (meta-analysis)	Malignant obstruction	SEMS: 32.7. ES: 48.2 (RR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41-0.91)	Mortality (RR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.55-2.04). Successful primary anastomosis (SEMS: 69.75% vs ES: 55.07%) (RR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01-1.57)	Cirocchi et al[55], 2021
5	Of 167 patients: SEMS (115), ES (52)	Malignant obstruction	SEMS: 20. ES: 30.8	5-yr OS: 85.6 vs 82.6% (P = 0.68)	Kim et al[54], 2023

CI: Confidence interval; ES: Emergency surgery; OS: Overall survival; RR: Risk ratio; SEMS: Self expanding metallic stent.