Artificial intelligence: Applications in critical care gastroenterology

Table 1 Potential clinical applications of artificial intelligence in critical care gastroenterology

Organ involved	Clinical condition	Clinical applications
Pancreas	Acute pancreatitis	Prediction of severity; Prediction of local and systemic complications; Prediction of organ failure; Prediction of mortality
Liver	Chronic liver disease	Diagnosis; Staging of fibrosis; Prediction of complications; Predicting disease progression; Prognosis; Predicting need for liver transplantation
	Liver lesions/tumours	Diagnosis and classification; Differentiating between benign and malignant lesions
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Diagnosis; Staging; Response to therapy
Intestine	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Diagnosis
	Helicobacter pylori infection	Diagnosis
	Intestinal lesions	Diagnosis; Differentiating between benign and malignant lesions
	Intestinal bleeding	Predicting risk of bleeding and re-bleeding; Diagnosis; Identifying source of bleeding
Gall bladder and bile duct	Gall stones	Diagnosis; Removal of stones; Predicting need and difficulty of ERCP
	Bile duct obstruction	Diagnosis
Gastro-surgery	Appendicitis	Diagnosis
	Liver transplantation	Predict post-operative course; Predict graft failure; Predict recurrence of HCC; Predict in-hospital mortality
	Abdominal aortic aneurysm	Diagnosis; Prediction of post-operative complications; Prediction of post-operative mortality

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.