Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A narrative review

Table 4 Overview of findings from studies evaluating computer-aided detection for adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate

Ref.	Country	Study design	Patients (n)		PDR (%)			ADR (%)
			CADe	SC	CADe	SC	P value	CADe	SC	P value
Wang et al[168], 2019	China, United States	Randomized	522	536	45.02	29.1	< 0.001	29.12	20.34	< 0.001
Becq et al[155], 2020	United States, Turkey, Costa Rica	Prospective	50b		82	62	Not reported	-	-	-
Gong et al[166], 2020	China	Randomized	355	349	47	34	0.0016	16	8	0.001
Liu et al[171], 2020	China, United States	Randomized	393	397	47.07	33.25	< 0.001	29.01	20.91	0.009
Liu et al[173], 2020	China	Prospective	508	518	43.65	27.81	< 0.001	39.1	23.89	< 0.001
Repici et al[170], 2020	Italy, Kuwait, United States, Germany	Randomized	341	344	-	-	-	54.8	40.4	< 0.001
Su et al[169], 2020	China	Randomized	308	315	38.3	25.4	0.001	28.9	16.5	< 0.001
Wang et al[156], 2020	China, United States	Prospective, Tandem1	184	185	65.59	55.14	0.099	42.39	35.68	0.186
Wang et al[167], 2020	China, United States	Randomized	484	478	52	37	< 0.0001	34	28	0.03
Kamba et al[164], 2021	Japan	Randomized, Tandem2	172	174	69.8	60.9	0.084	64.5	53.6	0.036
Luo et al[174], 2021	China	Randomized, Tandem1	72	78	38.7	34	< 0.001	-	-	-
Pfeifer et al[158], 2021	Germany, Italy, Netherlands	Prospective, Tandem1	42b		50	38	0.023	36	26	0.044
Shaukat et al[157], 2021	United States, England	Prospective	83	283	-	-	-	54.2	40.6	0.028
Shen et al[150], 2021	China	Ambispective	64	64	78.1	56.3	0.008	53.1	29.7	0.007
Xu et al[172], 2021	China	Randomized	1177	1175	38.8	36.2	0.183	-	-	-
Glissen Brown et al[163], 2022	China, United States	Randomized, Tandem2	113	110	70.8	65.45	0.3923	50.44	43.64	0.3091
Ishiyama et al[159], 2022	Japan, Norway	Prospective	918	918	59	52.1	0.003	26.4	19.9	0.001
Lux et al[148], 2022	Germany	Retrospective	41	-	-	-	-	-	41.5	-
Quan et al[153], 2022	United States	Prospective	300	300	-	-	-	43.7a; 66.7	37.8a; 59.72	0.37a; 0.35
Repici et al[165], 2022	Italy, Switzerland, United States, Germany	Randomized	330	330	-	-	-	53.3	44.5	0.017
Shaukat et al[162], 2022	United States	Randomized	682	677	64.4	61.2	0.242	47.8	43.9	0.065
Zippelius et al[160], 2022	Germany, United States	Prospective	150b		-	-	-	50.7	52	0.5

^aQuan et al[153] reported results by indication, screening and surveillance respectively.

^bThe same patients were used to compare CADe versus standard colonoscopy; Becq et al[155] recorded 50 colonoscopy videos that were analyzed by CADe and reviewed by endoscopists separately; Pfeifer et al[158] performed standard colonoscopy followed by CADe-assisted colonoscopy in all 42 patients; Zippelius et al[160] had their CADe analyze their patients while the endoscopists performed their colonoscopies.

¹Performed analyses using data obtained from whole process.

²Performed analyses using data obtained from first pass.

ADR: Adenoma detection rate; CADe: Computer-aided detection; PDR: Polyp detection rate; SC: Standard colonoscopy. All studies used a convolutional neural network to classify images.