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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
Artif Intell Gastroenterol. Apr 28, 2022; 3(2): 54-65
Published online Apr 28, 2022. doi: 10.35712/aig.v3.i2.54
Table 1 Summary of included machine learning studies on endoscopic ultrasonography in pancreatic disease
FieldRef.Study population used for training (n)TaskMachine learning methodPerformance (in test population if available)
Pancreatic CystsKuwahara et al[23], 2019Benign IPMN (27); Malignant IPMN (23)Differentiate benign from malignant IPMNConvolutional neural network AUC = 0.98
Springer et al[20], 2019Mucinous cystic neoplasms (153); Serous Cystic Neoplasms (148); IPMN (447); Malignant cysts (114)Guide clinical management by classify into three risk groups: No risk of malignancyLow risk of progression. High-risk of progression or malignantNot availableFirst group: 100% specificity, 46% sensitivity. Second group: 54% specificity, 91% sensitivity. Third group: 30% specificity, 99% sensitivity.
Kurita et al[22], 2019Mucinous cystic neoplasms (23); Serous Cystic Neoplasms (15); IPMN (30); Other cyst types (17)Differentiate benign from malignant cystMulti-layered perceptronAUC = 0.96, sensitivity: 95%, specificity: 91.9%
Nguon et al[21], 2021Mucinous cystic neoplasms (59); Serous Cystic Neoplasms (49)Differentiate mucinous cystic neoplasm and serous cystadenomaConvolutional neural network AUC = 0.88
Pancreatic Cancer Saftouiu et al[27], 2008PDAC (32); Normal pancreas (22); Chronic pancreatitis (11); Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (3)Differentiate benign from malignant massesMulti-layered perceptronAUC = 0.96
Saftoiu et al[28], 2012PDAC (211); Chronic pancreatitis (47)Differentiate cancer from benign massesMulti-layered perceptronAUC = 0.94
Ozkan et al[30], 2016PDAC (202); Normal pancreas (130)Differentiate cancer from normal pancreasMulti-layered perceptronAccuracy: 87.5%, sensitivity: 83.3%, and specificity: 93.3%
Udristou et al[31], 2021PDAC (30); Chronic pancreatitis (20); Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (15)Diagnose focal pancreatic mass Convolutional neural network and long short-term memory Mean AUC = 0.98 (Includes PDAC, CP and PNET)
Tonozuka et al[32], 2021PDAC (76); Chronic pancreatitis (34); Control (29)Differentiate pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreasConvolutional neural network and pseudo-colored heatmapAUC = 0.94
Autoimmune pancreatitis Zhu et al[34], 2015AIP (81); Chronic pancreatitis (100) Differentiate AIP from chronic pancreatitisSupport Vector Machine Accuracy: 89.3%, sensitivity: 84.1%, and specificity: 92.5%
Marya et al[36], 2021 AIP (146); PDAC (292); Chronic pancreatitis (72); Normal pancreas (73)Differentiate of AIP from PDACConvolutional neural network and pseudo-colored heatmapAUC for AIP from all other = 0.92
Procedural assistance Iwasa et al[38], 2021Pancreatic mass (100)Segmentation of pancreatic masses Convolutional neural network Intersection over unit = 0.77
Zhang et al[40], 2020 EUS videos (339)Recognition of stations, and segmentation of anatomical landmarksConvolutional neural network Accuracy for classification of stations (average) = 0.824, Dice coefficient for segmentation of pancreas (average) = 0.715