Liver surgery for colorectal metastasis: New paths and new goals with the help of artificial intelligence

Table 1 Main implementation of artificial intelligence in hepatology and liver surgery

Ref.	Type of paper	Main topic	AI implementation
Decharatanachart et al[4], 2021	Meta-analysis	Chronic liver diseases	Diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis without biopsy
Christou et al[5], 2021	Review	IBD, GI bleeding and chronic liver diseases	Increasing accuracy of gold standard diagnostic exams
Park et al[15], 2020	Review	Liver diseases	Staging of liver disease and prognosis after liver resection or chemotherapy
Wang et al[16], 2012	Survey	Liver imaging	Diagnosis of structural changes in healthy liver
Shan et al[19], 2019	Research article	Liver imaging (CT)	Prediction of early recurrence after HCC resection/RF
Hu et al[18], 2019	Research article	Liver imaging (US)	Evaluating microvascular invasion in HCC
Iranmanesh et al[19], 2014	Research article	Liver imaging (CT)	Evaluating portal pressure without invasive methods
Wang et al[23], 2019	Research article	Liver imaging (CT/MRI)	Using liver segmentation to an automatized liver biometry
Fang et al[21], 2020	Research article	Liver imaging	Using liver segmentation to more accurate localization of a hepatic lesion
Winkel et al[22], 2020	Comparative study	Liver imaging	Comparing a fully automated liver segmentation to a manual one
Zhou et al[23], 2019	Review	Liver imaging	Detecting hepatic lesions, characterized them and evaluate a response after treatment
Yasaka et al[24], 2018	Retrospective study	Liver imaging (CT)	Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions
Guo et al[25], 2018	Research article	Liver imaging (US)	Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions
Schmauch et al[26], 2019	Research article	Liver imaging (US)	Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions
Tiyarattanachai et al[27], 2021	Retrospective study	Liver imaging (US)	Detect and diagnose hepatic lesions
Perez et al[28], 2020	Review	HCC	Improving diagnosis and evaluation after ancillary treatments
Vivanti et al[29], 2017	Research article	Liver neoplasia	Evaluating post chemotherapy response
Li et al[30], 2015	Research article	Liver imaging (CT)	Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions
Hamm et al[31], 2019	Research article	Liver imaging (MRI)	Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions
Zhang et al[32], 2018	Research article	HCC	Differentiation between healthy and tumoral tissue in patient's liver
Preis et al[33], 2011	Research article	Liver imaging (PET)	Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions
Chen et al[34], 2020	Review	Liver surgery	Implementation in pre and post operative care
Nakayama et al[35], 2017	Retrospective study	Liver surgery	Use of 3D modeling to improve hepatice resection
Zhang et al[36], 2018	Prospective study	Liver surgery	Diagnosis and treatment of perihilar CCC
Vorontsov et al[37], 2019	Retrospective study	Liver surgery	Improving CRM identification and segmentation
Chartrand et al[39], 2017	Comparative study	Liver imaging	Improving liver segmentation and volumetry
Cancian et al[40], 2021	Research article.	Liver pathology	Better assessment pf tumor microenvironment

AI: Artificial intelligence; CCC: Cholangiocarcinoma; CRM: Colo-rectal metastases; CT: Computed tomography; GI: Gastrointestinal; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; PET: Positron emission tomography; US: Ultrasound.