Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
Artif Intell Gastroenterol. Aug 28, 2021; 2(4): 94-104
Published online Aug 28, 2021. doi: 10.35712/aig.v2.i4.94
Table 2 Augmented and mixed reality in minimally invasive liver surgery
Ref.
No of procedures
Technique
Key outcomes
Volonté et al[19], 20114 proceduresProjection of the virtual 3D model on the body surfaceAnatomical orientation and trocar placement improved
López-Mir et al[20], 201312 proceduresProjection of the virtual 3D model on the body surfacelower deviation between planned and actual trocar positions using AR
Pessaux et al[25], 20152 robotic liver resectionsVirtual 3D model superimposed on console display, registration performed manually by a computer scientist AR and registration process feasible, time to create AR 8 min
Schneider et al[22], 202018 laparoscopic liver resectionsPassive polarizing 3D laparoscope, optical tracking of the laparoscope, semi-automatic registrationsemiautomatic registration an image fusion achieved in 16/18 manual registration vs semiautomatic accuracy 11 mm vs 14 mm