Building and evaluating an artificial intelligence algorithm: A practical guide for practicing oncologists

Figure 4 Summary of tasks performed by artificial intelligence networks. The applications are diverse and range from lesion detection, i.e., automatic identification of the area of pathology in a particular image, to segmentation of defined areas and quantification of area, volume, or percentage segment involved. Synthetic images may also be generated by artificial intelligence (AI) networks that closely resemble natural images. Further, it performs classification tasks, wherein images are placed into one of two or three categories. Analysis of texture features and correlation with genetic mutations is also possible using AI. Newer applications include language processing, from free flow to structured reports with standard, reproducible terminology. Genomic analysis of large amounts of DNA to determine drug response and susceptibility to drugs is also an evolving application. AI: Artificial intelligence; VOI: Volume of interest; NSCLC: Non-small cell lung carcinoma; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; LAD: Long axis diameter; DRC: Dose response curve.