Laboratory hematologic features of COVID-19 associated liver injury: A systematic review

Table 1 Studies with a coronavirus disease 2019 (+) cohort with liver injury provided as a distinct group

Ref.	Country	Number of patients	% of total patients	Age, mean	% male	Setting	Study group inclusion criteria	Control group	Evaluated parameters	NOS
Abe et al[46]	Japan	15	68	47	59	Hospitalized patients	ALT OR GGT over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, HGB	8
An et al[47]	China	51	21	52	45.1	Hospitalized patients	AST OR ALT over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, DDIM	8
Anastasiou et al[48]	Germany	82	56.2	64.5	74	Hospitalized patients	ALT OR BILI over ULN	COVID+	WBC, INR	6
		11	6.8	51	100		EASL ALF criteria (see ref[10])
Cardoso et al[49]	Portugal	20	100	67	90	ICU	GGT OR/AST OR/ALT over ULN	None	SOFA, APACHE II	NA
Chen et al[50]	China	227	38	56	63	Hospitalized patients	ALT OR AST OR GGT over ULN	COVID+	ALC, DDIM	9
Chen et al[51]	China	301	59	62	82	Hospitalized patients	AST OR ALT OVER ULN/ OR elevated ALP/GGT over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, PLTs, PT, PTT, INR	7
Chu et al[52]	China	429	51	61	65	Hospitalized patients	ALT/ALP ratio over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, PLTs, HGB, DDIM, PT, INR	7
Da et al[53]	U.S.	109	62	61	78	Hospitalized patients	AST or ALT ≥ 3 times ULN	COVID+	DDIM, PT, INR	8
Fiel et al[54]	United States	2	100	NA	50	Hospitalized patients	Biopsy proven disease without pneumonia	None	DDIM	NA
Huang et al[55]	China	253	37.5	58	59	Hospitalized patients	AST, ALT, TBIL over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, PLTs, HGB	5
		52	7.7	51.5	81		ALT ≥ 3 times ULN
Lagana et al[56]	United States	11	100	70	70	NS	PCR testing of liver	None	DDIM	NA
Li et al[57]	China	7	NS	61	43	Hospitalized patients	AST or ALT over ULN	None	WBC, ALC, ANC, DDIM, HGB	NA
Meszaros et al[58]	France	156	66.7	66.5	73	Hospitalized patients	AST OR ALT OR GGT over ULN	COVID+	ALC, PLTs, DDIM	7
Mishra et al[59]	United States	184	52.9	62.7	58	Hospitalized patients	AST OR ALT over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, HGB	7
Phipps et al[60]	United States	1784		66	73	Hospitalized patients	ALT > 1-2× ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, PLTs, DDIM, HGB	8
		344		61			ALT 2-5× ULN
		145		63			ALT > 5× ULN
Piano et al[61]	Italy	329	58	66	63	Hospitalized patients	AST OR ALT OR GGT OR ALP OR BILI > ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, PLTs, DDIM, INR	7
Qi et al[62]	China	32	46	41	72	Hospitalized patients	AST OR ALT OR BILI over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC	6
Sadeghi et al[64]	Iran	65	64	55	64	Non-ICU hospitalized	AST OR ALT OR BILI over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC	9
Safari et al[63]	Iran	41	17	52	31	Hospitalized patients	ALT above ULN	COVID+	WBC, PLTs, HGB	8
Tsutsumi et al[65]	Japan	31	52	46	84	Hospitalized patients	ALT ≥ 40 U/L	COVID+	WBC, ALC, PLTs, DDIM, PT	8
Wang et al[66]	China	303	46.1	62	63.4	Hospitalized patients	ALT OR GGT OR BILI over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, PLTs, HGB, PT	8
Xie et al[26]	China	29	26.9	62	72.4	Non-ICU hospitalized	AST OR ALT OR BILI over ULN	COVID+	WBC, ALC, ANC, DDIM	8

ALC: Absolute lymphocyte count; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; ANC: Absolute neutrophil count; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring system; AST: Aspartate transaminase; BILI: Bilirubin; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; DDIM: D-dimer; EASL ALF criteria: European Association for the Study of the Liver Acute Liver Failure Guidelines; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; HGB: Hemoglobin; INR: International normalized ratio; NA: Not applicable; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; NS: Not stated; PLT: Platelet count; PT: Prothrombin time; PTT: Partial thromboplastin time; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scoring system; ULN: Upper limit of normal; WBC: White blood cell count.