Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: A systematic review

Table 3 Criteria analyzed individually in the studies

Ref.	Specific disease	Diagnosis	Groups	Randomization	Loss of follow-up	Level of evidence
Moubri et al[22]	No	Biopsy, RUT, culture, HpSA and 13C-UBT/(Biopsy, RUT, culture, HpSA and 13C-UBT)	2	The method chosen was to classify closed envelopes, which were randomly assigned to treatment	12 patients	1b
Namkin et al[23]	No	HpSA/(HpSA)	2	Limited information on the method used	4 patients	2b
Akcam et al[24]	No	Biopsy, histology, RUT and 13C-UBT/(13C-UBT)	2	Admission order	5 patients	1b
Tolone et al[25]	No	Biopsy, histology, RUT and 14C-UBT/(13C-UBT)	2	No reported	No loss	2b
Farahmand et al[26]	No	Biopsy, RUT and HpSA/(HpSA)	2	Table of aleatory numbers	No loss	1b
Ahmad et al[27]	No	RUT, histology, and HpSA/(HpSA)	2	Limited information on the method used	No loss	1b
Bin et al[28]	No	Immunoglobulin G Antibody, histology and 13C-UBT/(13C-UBT)	2	No reported	14	1b
Kasiri et al[29]	Dyspepsia, epigastric pain and GB	Biopsy, histology and RUT/(HpSA)	2	Limited information on the method used	3	1b
Iwańczak et al[30]	Dyspepsia and gastric and/or duodenal ulcer	Histology and/or culture/(Biopsy and culture)	3	No reported	No loss	1b
Tümgör et al[31]	Dyspepsia.	14C-UBT and histology/(13C-UBT)	2	No reported	2	2b
Ali Habib et al[32]	No	Immunoglobulin G Antibody and 13C-UBT/(13C-UBT)	2	No reported	2	2b
Ustundag et al[33]	Gastrointestinal symptoms, severe regurgitation, gastrointestinal bleeding, unexplained weight loss or chronic diarrhea	Histology/(14C-UBT)	2	Double-blind randomization list	5	2b
Huang et al[34]	No	RUT, HpSA, histology and culture/(HpSA)	3	Limited information on the method used	42	1b
N Şirvan et al[35]	Chronic diseases, abdominal pain and dyspepsia	Histology/(HpSA)	2	Limited information on the method used	No loss	2b
Baysoy et al[36]	No	Histology, RUT, 13C-UBT/(HpSA or Biopsy and histology)	2	Limited information on the method used	8	1b
Esmaeili-Dooki et al[37]	No	Biopsy, histology and HpSA/(13C-UBT)	2	Table of aleatory numbers	No loss	1b
Laving et al[38]	No	Histology and HpSA/(HpSA)	2	Computer-generated random numbers	33	1b
Prieto-Jimenez et al[39]	No	13C-UBT and urine antibody	6	Computer-generated random numbers	20	1b
Nguyen et al[40]	No	Biopsy, RUT, histology and culture	3	No reported	10	1b
Bontems et al[41]	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, heartburn and anemia	Biopsy, histology and culture/(HpSA)	2	No reported	15	1b

The levels of evidence were based in the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine – Levels of Evidence[43]. All diagnostic methods in brackets were used after treatment to verify Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. RUT: Rapid urease test; HpSA: H. pylori monoclonal stool antigen test;

¹³C-UBT: ¹³C-urea breath test;

¹⁴C-UBT: ¹⁴C-urea breath test; GB: Gastrointestinal bleeding.