Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: A systematic review

Table 2 Summary of included studies

Ref.	Year	Country	Study design	Patients, n	Age range	Follow-up	Goal
Moubri et al[22]	2018	Algeria	RCT	272	5-16 yr	8-12 wk	To compare efficacy, side effects and influence of resistance of H. pylori strains between two different treatments in Algerian children.
Namkin et al[23]	2016	Iran	RCT	28	9-12 yr	4-8 wk	To evaluate the effect of S. boulardii supplementation on the eradication of H. pylori in children in the region.
Akcam et al[24]	2015	Turkey	RCT	61	7-18 yr	6 wk	To evaluate the effect of probiotics on eradication rates and side effects in association with standard triple therapy in H. pylori-positive children.
Tolone et al[25]	2012	Italy	RCT	68	4-11 yr	4 wk	To evaluate if addition of probiotics increases eradication rates and reduces side effects in children.
Farahmand et al[26]	2016	Iran	RCT	66	7-15 yr	4 wk	To compare the effect of ciprofloxacin and furazolidone on H. pylori eradication in combination with amoxicillin and omeprazole.
Ahmad et al[27]	2013	Iran	RCT	66	3-14 yr	4-8 wk	To evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation with the combination of seven microorganisms on the treatment of H. pylori infection in childhood.
Bin et al[28]	2015	China	RCT	205	22 mo-16 yr	2 wk	To investigate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on eradication of H. pylori in children.
Kasiri et al[29]	2017	Iran	RCT	82	1-15 yr	4 wk	To compare the effect of amoxicillin and metronidazole in the triple therapy regimen to eradicate H. pylori infection in children aged 1 to 15 yr.
Iwańczak et al[30]	2016	Poland	RCT	69	5-17 yr	6-8 wk	To compare the efficacy of sequential therapy for 10 d with triple therapy for 7 d (PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin or PPI, amoxicillin and metronidazole) in children.
Tümgör et al[31]	2014	Turkey	RCT	90	10-17 yr	6 wk	To compare the treatment with lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (LAC) and with the combination of LAC + vitamin E (LACE) in Turkish children.
Ali Habib et al[32]	2013	India	RCT	18	12-15 yr	6 wk	To investigate which sequential or standard eradication regimen has the most effective improvement in the status of associated iron and iron deficiency in children.
Ustundag et al[33]	2017	Turkey	RCT	69	6-16 yr	4-6 wk	To evaluate the effects of the use of the symbiotic Bifidobacterium lactis B94 + inulin, together with standard triple therapy on the eradication rate, adherence, as well as in the symptoms of H. pylori infection in children.
Huang et al[34]	2013	China	RCT	360	3-16 yr	4 wk	To compare 10 d sequential therapy and standard triple therapy in Chinese children with H. pylori infection.
N Şirvan et al[35]	2017	Turkey	RCT	104	5-17 yr	4 wk	To evaluate the addition of symbiotics containing Bifidobacterium lactis to triple therapeutics in the rates of side effects, dyspeptic symptoms and H. pylori eradication in children.
Baysoy et al[36]	2013	Turkey	RCT	61	4-18 yr	6-8 wk	To compare ornidazole-based sequential therapy with standard triple therapy for the eradication of H. pylori in children.
Esmaeili-Dooki et al[37]	2015	Iran	RCT	64	2-15 yr	4-6 wk	To evaluate the effect of the classic triple therapy and azithromycin eradication regimen against H. pylori in children.
Laving et al[38]	2013	Kenya	RCT	71	2-15 yr	2-6 wk	To determine the effectiveness of a new 10 d sequential therapy compared to the standard 10 d triple therapy for the treatment of H. pylori infection in children.
Prieto-Jimenez et al[39]	2011	United States of America	RCT	110	3-11 yr	6 wk	To evaluate the efficacy of sequential quadruple eradication therapy for 10 d and observe the iron levels of positive H. pylori children.
Nguyen et al[40]	2012	Vietnam	RCT	232	3–15 yr	4 wk	To investigate the role of antibiotic resistance, drug dosage, and administration frequency in treatment of H. pylori infection in Vietnamese children.
Bontems et al[41]	2011	Belgium, France and Italy	RCT	165	2,7 a 17 yr	8 wk	To compare sequential vs tailored triple therapy regimens on H. pylori eradication rate and to assess the effect of antimicrobial susceptibility in children.

RCTs: Randomized controlled trials. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.