Hydatidosis and the duodenum: A systematic review of the literature

Table 3 Intraoperative findings, postoperative period and follow-up

Ref.	Intraoperative findings	Surgical procedure	Postoperative period morbidity	Follow-up
Gilmas Y Mocoroa[16], 1963	Multiple adherences from past surgeries. Stomach filled with blood clots. Multiple cysts (> 10) across peritoneum, liver, and spleen; duodenal fistula connecting with 15 cm cavity in left hepatic lobe	Ablation of cysts. Gastrostomy. Pylorotomy. Suture of duodenal fistula with surgical drains placed in cavity	Evisceration with massive hemorrhage. Postoperative death	NA
Perrotin et al[15], 1978	Adherences are found in the right hepatic lobe. Visualization of liver mass with purulent liquid and food remains. Intraoperative cholangiography: Communication of 1-1.5 cm diameter between the cyst and the duodenum	Fistula closed, cyst drained with a gastric aspiration probe and placement of a cholecystostomy	NA	Day 3: Probe is removed The drainage of the cavity after being washed with lactic acid is removed after 18 d. Control cholangiography and duodenal transit are normal. Follow up in clinics
Cosme et al[13], 1987	Infected and multivesicular hydatid cyst in the head of the pancreas closely attached to and communicating with the duodenum	Partial removal of the cyst with two catheters inserted into the cavity	NA	8th week: Injection of contrast through the drainage tubes demonstrating progressive closure of the remaining cavity. Asymptomatic 4 mo after surgery
Robbana et al[12], 1991	Calcified hydatid cyst in anterior kidney area. Fistula connected the kidney mass to the duodenum	Evacuation, intralaminar pericystectomy, and reduction of fistula. Vagotomy	NA	Discharged on 17th postoperative day. 7-mo postoperative ultrasound and urography were normal
Noguera et al[11], 1993	NA	Enucleation	NA	NA
Thomas et al[14], 1993	NA	Medical treatment: Albendazole, Ciprofloxacin, Crystalline penicillin and Chloroquine + US guided aspiration	NA	NA
Diez Valladares et al[9], 1998	Segment IV of the liver a 5 cm diameter mass adherent to the pylorus	Total resection of the cyst, including a piece of the duodenal wall, a Heinecke Mikulicz pyloroplasty, cholecystectomy and truncal bilateral vagotomy	Postoperative course was uneventful	Discharged on the 7th day
Diez Valladares et al[9], 1998	15 cm multiloculated hydatid cyst in right hepatic lobe in contact with the duodenum. Two hydatid cysts in the greater omentum with purulent fluid	Total cystectomy with resection of the duodenal sinus, excision of the omental cyst. Closure of the bile fistula and bile drainage	NA	Discharged on 15th day
Patankar et al[10], 1998	NA	Enucleation	NA	NA
Muinelo Lorenzo et al[8], 2012	NA	NA	NA	NA
Daldoul et al[4], 2013	Single multilobular hydatid cyst in the posterior part of the lateral sector of the right lobe in close contact with the duodenum. Duodenal fistula affecting the posterior wall of the duodenal knee	Cholecystectomy. Large resection of the prominent cystic dome. Duodenostomy associated with gastrostomy and jejunostomy to treat duodenal fistula	NA	After 6 wk the patient was discharged
Daldoul et al[4], 2013	Two liver cysts: Segment V (5 cm) and in the underside of the segment IV (8 cm) in close contact with the first duodenum knee. Exploration of the cystic cavity: Wide communication with the first duodenum and a large fistula with the confluence of the hepatic biliary ducts	Resection of the dome of the 5 cm cyst, duodenal diverticulization and external drainage	NA	Discharged after 3 wk
Jarrar et al[7], 2015	Multivesicular hydatid cyst measuring 6 cm, at the right lateral sector, with extraparenchymal development, adhering to the duodenum. Exo-vesiculation of 2 cm, communicating with the cyst, compressing the duodenal wall without fistula	Lagrot’s procedure, a partial cystectomy and epiploplasty filling the residual cavity	Postoperative course was uneventful	NA
Akbulut et al[6], 2018	The diameter of the fibromatous mass was 120 mm × 100 mm, originated in the pancreatic body and creating adherences to adjacent tissues forming a conglomerate with the fourth portion of the duodenum, jejunal loops and prepyloric stomach antrum	The fourth portion of the duodenum, the jejunum, the distal pancreas and the spleen were removed en bloc. Anastomosis between the third part of the duodenum and the proximal jejunum	Postoperative course was uneventful	NA

NA: Not available; US: Ultrasound.