Exclusive cigar smoking in the United States and smoking-related diseases: A systematic review

Table 4 Individual estimates used in the meta-analyses¹

Disease	Study name2	Source	Exposure	Relative risk (95%CI)
Lung cancer	BOUCOT	[20]	Ever	8.81 (0.45 to 170.58)
	CPSI	[23]	Current	3.30 (2.68 to 4.06)
		[22]	Ever	2.11 (1.45 to 3.07)
	CPSII	[25]	Current	5.10 (4.00 to 6.60)
		[25]	Former	1.60 (1.20 to 2.40)
		[25]	Ever	3.01 (2.42 to 3.74)
	DORN	[28]	Current	1.66 (1.18 to 2.34)
		[27]	Former	1.02 (0.41 to 2.54)
		[27]	Ever	1.49 (0.97 to 2.27)
	HAMMON	[19]	Ever	1.02 (0.42 to 2.51)
	KAISER	[13]	Current3	2.14 (1.12 to 4.11)
	LEVIN	[29]	Ever	1.41 (0.76 to 2.60)
	MALHOT	[14]	Ever3	2.73 (2.06 to 3.60)
	NLMS	[17]	Current	3.26 (1.86 to 5.71)
		[17]	Former	1.35 (0.70 to 2.61)
		[17]	Ever	2.04 (1.33 to 3.15)
	SADOWS	[30]	Ever	2.98 (1.06 to 8.33)
	WYNDE7	[31]	Current	3.15 (1.78 to 5.57)
		[31]	Former	2.46 (1.27 to 4.77)
		[31]	Ever	2.83 (1.78 to 4.51)
COPD	CPSI	[23]	Current	1.42 (0.96 to 2.03)
	DORN	[27]	Current	0.79 (0.31 to 2.03)
		[27]	Former	1.38 (0.42 to 4.51)
		[27]	Ever	0.94 (0.43 to 2.04)
	KAISER	[13]	Current3	1.45 (1.10 to 1.91)
	NLMS	[17]	Current	2.44 (0.98 to 6.05)
		[17]	Former	0.05 (0.00 to 3.19)
		[17]	Ever	0.77 (0.32 to 1.87)
IHD	CPSI	[23]	Current	1.05 (1.00 to 1.11)
	CPSII	[32]	Current	1.13 (0.96 to 1.34)
		[32]	Former	1.07 (0.93 to 1.24)
		[32]	Ever	1.09 (0.98 to 1.22)
	DORN	[28]	Current	1.12 (1.05 to 1.18)
		[27]	Former	1.41 (1.25 to 1.60)
		[27]	Ever	1.13 (1.05 to 1.22)
	HAMMON	[19]	Ever	1.28 (1.13 to 1.44)
	KAISER	[13]	Current3	1.27 (1.12 to 1.45)
	KAUFMA	[33]	Current	1.25 (0.58 to 2.67)
	NHIS	[15]	Current3	0.88 (0.61 to 1.27)
		[15]	Former3	1.33 (1.03 to 1.72)
		[15]	Ever3	1.15 (0.93 to 1.41)
Stroke	CPSI	[23]	Current	0.96 (0.87 to 1.06)
	DORN	[28]	Current	1.07 (0.95 to 1.21)
		[27]	Former	1.14 (0.85 to 1.53)
		[27]	Ever	1.09 (0.93 to 1.29)
	HAMMON	[19]	Ever	1.33 (1.04 to 1.70)
	KAISER	[13]	Current3	1.08 (0.88 to 1.33)
	NHIS	[16]	Current	1.60 (0.72 to 3.57)
		[16]	Former	0.56 (0.20 to 1.57)
		[16]	Ever	0.94 (0.50 to 1.77)
	NLMS	[17]	Current	0.50 (0.21 to 1.22)
		[17]	Former	1.08 (0.66 to 1.75)
		[17]	Ever	0.85 (0.55 to 1.30)
Circulatory disease	DORN	[28]	Current	1.10 (1.05 to 1.16)
		[27]	Former	1.37 (1.24 to 1.52)
		[27]	Ever	1.13 (1.06 to 1.20)
	HAMMON	[19]	Ever	1.27 (1.15 to 1.40)
	NHIS	[16]	Current3	1.34 (0.88 to 2.06)
		[16]	Former3	0.75 (0.52 to 1.10)
		[16]	Ever3	0.93 (0.70 to 1.24)
	NLMS	[17]	Current3	1.11 (0.87 to 1.42)
		[17]	Former3	1.13 (0.93 to 1.38)
		[17]	Ever3	1.12 (0.96 to 1.31)

¹Compared with never smoking any tobacco product.

²Study name is an identifier assigned by the authors based on the published study name or the name of the first author of the source paper. This identifier is used in the meta-analysis output.

³These results were only included in the sensitivity analyses. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD: Ischaemic heart disease.