Exclusive cigar smoking in the United States and smoking-related diseases: A systematic review

Table 1 Studies in meta-analysis of lung cancer and exclusive cigar smoking¹

Study name2	Data source	Study type	Years of follow-up3	Sex	Age group	Study size4
BOUCOT	Boucot et al[20], 1972	P	10	M	45+	6027
CPS I	Hammond[21], 1966	P	4	M	35-84	4405585
	Hammond[22], 1972	P	6	M	35-84
	Shanks et al[23], 1998	P	13	M	35+
CPS II	Jacobs et al[24], 1999	P	12	M	30+	5085766
	Shapiro et al[25], 2000	P	12	M	30+
DORN (US veterans study)	Dorn[26], 1959	P	2	M	30+	2480467
	Kahn[27], 1966	P	8	M	35-84
	Rogot et al[28], 1980	P	16	M	31-84
HAMMON	Hammond et al[18,19], 1958	P	3	M	50-69	187783
KAISER	Iribarren et al[13], 1999	P	25	M	30-85	17774
LEVIN	Levin[29], 1954	C	-	M	35+	2855
MALHOT	Malhotra et al[14], 2017	P	15	M	55-62	5244408
NLMS	Christensen et al[17], 2018	P	26	C	35-80	146529
SADOWS	Sadowsky et al[30], 1953	C	-	M	All	2605
WYNDE7	Higgins et al[31], 1988	C	-	M	20-80	60339

¹Compared with never smoking any tobacco product.

²Study name is an identifier assigned by the authors based on the published study name or the name of the first author of a source paper. This identifier is used in the meta-analysis output. Note that studies KAISER and MALHOT were included in sensitivity analysis only.

³Years of follow-up is relevant only to prospective studies.

⁴Study size: Total number of participants in the study, irrespective of smoking habits but taking account of sex.

⁵Size not given for second source, and a slightly different number of 442455 given for third source.

⁶Slightly different size of 508353 given for second source.

⁷Size taken from third source, other sources only gives person-years. The numbers include about 0.5% females.

⁸Includes 74770 from two non-United States studies.

⁹Size is for sexes combined. P: Prospective; C: Case control; M: Male; C: Combined male and female.