Role of non-coding RNAs in pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Table 3 Studies about the role of non-coding RNAs expression profile and imatinib resistance

Ref.	Compared groups and samples	NcRNAs studied	Results
Akçakaya et al[52], 2014	7 IM resistant vs 10 IM sensitive (profiling analysis) 10 IM resistant vs 14 IM sensitive (validation analysis)	903 miRNAs in profiling analysis (microarray) 10 miRs for validation analysis (RT-PCR)	27 overexpressed miRNAs and 17 underexpressed miRNAs in IM resistant group compared to IM sensitive. Mir-125a-5p as a key modulator to IM resistance
Huang et al[53], 2018	28 tumor samples (all patients received neoadjuvant IM)	miRNA-125a-5p RNU6B	Phosphorylation of FAK is regulated by PTPB18 and miR-125a-5p. Pfak plays crucial role in IM resistance
Fan et al[54], 2015	IM sensitive GIST cells (GIST882) vs IM resistance cell line (GIST430)	miRNA-218	MiR-218 is down-regulated in IM-resistant GIST430 cells; MiR-218 over-expression may improve the IM sensitivity through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Lee et al[55], 2016	9 low vs 1 intermediate vs 7 high risk tumors.	HOTAIR	HOTAIR higher expression in high risk GISTs. HOTAIR also found to regulate promoter methylation of PCDH10 through in vitro investigation of high-risk GIST cell lines
Bure et al[56], 2018	67 primary GIST samples subdivided according the tumor grade and the cell line.	HOTAIR	HOTAIR higher expression in high risk GISTs. Distinct methylation patterns through upregulation of HOTAIR during the different stages of carcinogenesis
Yan et al[51], 2019	3 primary GISTs (A) vs 3 GISTs secondarily resistance to IM (B) vs 3 normal gastric tissue (C)	63542 lncRNAs 27134 miRNAs	They found lnc-DNAJC6-2 to be associated with the HIF-1 pathway
Yan et al[58], 2019	IM sensitive cell lines (GIST-882) vs IM resistance cell lines (GIST-T1)	LncRNA CCDC26	LncRNA CCDC26 regulate IM resistance and interact with IGF-1R

GISTs: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; IM: Imatinib.