Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Meta-Anal. Jul 31, 2019; 7(7): 358-372
Published online Jul 31, 2019. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i7.358
Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study (yr)Species / Age, Sex / Weight, Number (Control group / Experimental group)AnestheticModelIntervention dose administration method time point / durationMeasurement of infarction volumeOutcome indexP-values
Qin et al[8], 2018SD rats/8 weeks5 % chloral hydratetMCAO 2 h90 mg/kg, dailyCresyl violet1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/250-300 g400 mg/kgReperfusion 7 dGavageImage J2 Ameliorate body weight lossP < 0.05
6/6IntraperitoneallyPostoperative / 7 d3 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
4 Reduce brain atrophy volumeP < 0.01
5 Upregulate PTGIS, PTGES; downregulate TBXAS 1P < 0.05
6 Prevent REN,AGT, ACE 1, AGTR 1; upregulate RoAP < 0.05
7 Increase the diameter of middle cerebral arteryP < 0.05
Zhao et al[16], 2018CD 1 mice / 10-12 wk10 % chloral hydratepMCAO 24 h120 mg/kg2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/27-30 g35 mg/g2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
10/10Intraperitoneally3 Decrease the water content of brainP < 0.05
4 Decrease the permeability of blood-brain barrierP < 0.05
5 Decrease pinocytotic vesicles of capillary endothelial cells
6 Downregulate MMP 9P < 0.05
7 Upregulate Claudin 5, VEGF, GFAP, Nrf 2 and HO 1P < 0.05
Wang et al[18], 2018SD rats/unknownUnknowntMCAO 2 h1 mg/kg2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP > 0.05
Male and female/250-280 gReperfusion 48 hIntravenouslyImage Pro Plus2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP > 0.05
8/12postoperative/4 h and 24 h
Yan et al[17], 2017SD rats/adultUnknowntMCAO 2 h75 mg/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.01
Male/180-220 gReperfusion 24 hGavage2 Decrease the water content of brainP < 0.05
8/8Preoperative/7 d3 Decrease the permeability of blood-brain barrierP < 0.01
4 Decrease cell apoptosis
5 Decrease ROS,cleaved caspase-3, p-p38; increase SODP < 0.01
6 Decrease MDA, p-JNKP < 0.05
Zhang et al[19], 2016SD rats/unknownSodium pentobarbitaltMCAO 1 h4.5 mg/kgTTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.01
Male/250-320 g50 mg/kgReperfusion 24 hIntraperitoneally2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.001
8/8Postoperative/-3 Decrease the water content of brainP < 0.05
4 Upregulate HGF; downreglate TLR4P < 0.001
Yin et al[20], 2016SD rats/unknownChloral hydratetMCAO 2 h80 mg/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.001
Male/280-320 g300 mg/kgReperfusion 24 hGavageImage Pro Plus2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
6/6Intraperitoneallypreoperative/7 d3 Decrease the water content of brainP < 0.01
4 Decrease MDAP < 0.01
5 Increase SODP < 0.05
6 Increase GSH-PxP < 0.001
Hua et al[21], 2015SD rats/57-61 daysChloral hydratetMCAO 2 h60 mg/kg2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/250-280 g300 mg/kgReperfusion 24 hGavageImage Pro Plus2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP > 0.05
6/6IntraperitoneallyPostoperative/-3 Decrease the water content of brainP < 0.01
4 Decrease MDA; increase GSH, SOD, Nrf 2, Trx, Bcl-2P < 0.01
5 Decrease NF-κB p65; increase TxnipP < 0.05
Lu et al[22], 2014C57BL6/J/ dultIsofluranetMCAO 0.75 h10 mg/kgCresyl violet1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/ nknownInitiated 3 %Reperfusion 23 hIntravenousImage J2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
10/10Maintained 1.5 %Preoperative/-3 Decrease MMP 9; increase TIMP 1P < 0.01
4 Increase SBP, p-ERKP < 0.01
Wang et al[23], 2013SD rats/unknownChloral hydratetMCAO 2 h80 mg/kg, dailyTTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/280-320 g300 mg/kgReperfusion 24 hGavage2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP > 0.05
6/6Intraperitoneallypreoperative/7 d3 Decrease the water content of brainP > 0.05
Wang et al[24], 2013SD rats/unknown10 % chloral hydratetMCAO 2 h80 mg/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/250 ± 20 g (n = 30)3 mL/kgReperfusion 24 hGavage2 Downregulate GRP78, CHOPP < 0.05
5/5IntraperitoneallyPreoperative / 7 d
Pan et al[25], 2013Wistar rats/unknown10 % chloral hydratepMCAO 24 h0.8 g/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/200-250 g3 mL/kgGavageBiosens Digitan Image2 Decrease the water content of brainP < 0.05
8/8IntraperitoneallyPreoperative/14 d3 Decrease Smac, S100BP < 0.05
Zhang et al[26], 2013SD rats/unknown6 % chloral hydratetMCAO 2 h200 mg/kg2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.01
Male/250 ± 20 gReperfusion 24 hIntraperitoneallyImage Pro Plus2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.01
8/8IntraperitoneallyPostoperative/-3 Increase VEGFP < 0.01
Wang et al[27], 2012SD rats/unknownchloral hydratetMCAO 2 h90 mg/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/250-300 g300 mg/kgReperfusion 3 dGavage2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
10/10IntraperitoneallyPostoperative/3 d3 Decrease the water content of brainP < 0.05
4 Decrease the ratio of TXB2 : 6-keto-PGF1αP < 0.05
Wu et al[28], 2012SD rats/unknownChloral HydratetMCAO 2 h80 mg/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.001
Male/250-280 g350 mg/kgReperfusion 24 hGavage2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.001
6/6IntraperitoneallyPreoperative/7 d3 Decrease the water content of brainP > 0.05
4 Decrease MDA; increase SODP < 0.001
Zhang et al[29], 2012Wistar Kyoto rats/3 moKetamine, xylazinepMCAO 7 d80 mg/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.01
Male/unknown75 mg/kg, 10 mg/kgGavageImage Pro Plus
6/6IntraperitoneallyPostoperative/7 d
Zhao et al[30], 2012SD rats/unknownChloral hydratetMCAO 2 h50 mg/kg, daily2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/250-300 g300 mg/kgReperfusion 3 dGavage2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
6/6IntraperitoneallyPostoperative / 3 d
Li et al[31], 2010129S2/Sv/adult4 % chloral hydratepMCAO 24 h100 mg/kg2% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/20-25 gIntraperitoneally2 Decrease cleaved-caspase 3; caspase 9, p-JNK; p-p38P < 0.05
10/10IntraperitoneallyPostoperative 1 h/-3 Reduce mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and AIFP < 0.05
Cao et al[32], 2009SD rats/3-4 mo10 % chloral hydratetMCAO 2 h25 mg/kg, twice a dayTTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.01
Male/280-350 gReperfusion 3 dGavageImage Pro Plus2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
5/5IntraperitoneallyPostoperative/3 d3 Upregulate VEGF, bFGFP < 0.05
Li et al[33], 2008SD rats/3-4 moUnknownpMCAO 3 d25 mg/kg, twice a dayTTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.05
Male/280-350 gGavageImage Pro Plus2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.05
5/5Postoperative/3 d3 Upregulate VEGF, bFGFP < 0.05
Zhang et al[34], 2006SD rats/unknown3 % isofluranetMCAO 2 h10 mg/kg4% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.001
Male/270-330 gEndotracheal intubationReperfusion 24 hIntravenouslySPOT Biometrics2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.01
10/10intraoperative / -
Lin et al[35], 1996Wistar rats/unknownChloral hydratepMCAO 24 h240 mg/kg4% TTC1 Infarction volumeP < 0.001
Male/250-350 gGavage2 Improve neurological behavior scoresP < 0.001
8/8Postoperative/-
PTGIS: Prostacyclin synthase; PTGES: Prostaglandin E synthase; TBXAS 1: Thromboxane A2 synthase 1; REN: Renin; AGT: Angiotensinogen; ACE 1: Angiotensin converting enzyme 1; AGTR 1: Angiotensin II receptor type 1; tMCAO: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; pMCAO: Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride; MMP 9: Matrix metallopeptidase 9; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Nrf 2: NF-E2-related factor 2; HO 1: Heme oxygenase 1; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malonaldehyde; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; TLR4: Toll like receptor 4; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; GSH: Glutathione; Trx: Thioredoxin; Txnip: Thioredoxin-interacting protein; TIMP 1: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; SBP: Spectrin breakdown product; GRP 78: Glucose-regulated protein 78; CHOP: C/EBP-homologous protein; Smac: Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases; S100B: S100 calcium binding protein B; TXB2: Thromboxane B2; 6-keto-PGF1α: 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α; AIF: Apoptosis-inducing factor; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor.