Different types of mechanical complications after surgical correction of adult spine deformity with osteotomy

Table 2 Main characteristics of the index operation (surgical correction of adult spinal deformity with posterior instrumentation and osteotomy, n = 94)

Characteristics of operation	Subgroup (if applicable)	Measure units	Statistical characteristic	Value
Index operation	Primary	Subjects	Number (%)	20 (21)
	Reoperation		Number (%)	74 (79)
Number of fused levels	NA	Number	Median	8
			Min; max	2; 17
Type of osteotomy	PSO	Subjects	Number (%)	51 (54)
	SPO		Number (%)	43 (46)
Osteotomy location	Lumbar	Subjects	Number (%)	58 (62)
	Thoracic		Number (%)	20 (21)
	Thoracolumbar junction		Number (%)	13 (14)
	Sacrum		Number (%)	3 (3)
Inter-level junctions crossing by instrumentation	Cervicothoracic	Subjects	Number (%)	2 (2)
	Thoracolumbar		Number (%)	24 (26)
	Lumbosacral		Number (%)	13 (14)
	Thoracolumbar and lumbosacral		Number (%)	48 (51)
	No		Number (%)	7 (7)
Fixation to sacrum (not pelvis)	NA	Subjects	Number (%)	38 (40)
Fixation to sacrum and/or pelvis	NA	Subjects	Number (%)	59 (63)
Use of anterior fusion	NA	Subjects	Number (%)	36 (38)
Number of anterior levels fused	NA	Subjects	Median	2
			Min; max	1; 6
Supplemental anterior support/fixation by implant or instrumentation	NA	Subjects	Number (%)	62 (66)
Use of cement	NA	Subjects	Number (%)	23 (25)
Use of bone morphogenetic protein	NA	Subjects	Number (%)	49 (52)
Use of individually precontoured posterior rods	Precontoured	Subjects	Number (%)	32 (34)
	In situ contouring	Subjects	Number (%)	62 (66)
Connecting to previously implanted instrumentation	NA	Subjects	Number (%)	16 (17)
Use of Domino and/or parallel connectors	2	Subjects	Number (%)	2 (2)
	1		Number (%)	11 (12)
	0		Number (%)	81 (86)

NA: Not applicable; SD: Standard deviation; PSO: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy; SPO: Smith-Peterson.