Medication non-adherence in bipolar disorder: Review of rates, demographic and clinical predictors

Table 1 Rates of medication non-adherence in bipolar disorder: Reviews

Ref.	Review based on	Non-adherence rates
Van Putten[20], 1975	7 studies	20%-30% (only lithium)
Jamison and Akiskal[21], 1983	10 studies	33%-50% (only lithium)
Cochran[5], 1986	13 studies from 1966-1986	9%-57% (only lithium)
Goodwin and Jamison[22], 1990	50 studies	18%-53% (only lithium)
Lingam and Scott[6], 2002	3 studies and 1 review	20%-66%, median 41%
Perlick et al[7], 2004	25 papers from 1979-2004	23%-68%, median 42%
Colom et al[4], 2005	6 studies	20%-64%, mean 25%
Gaudiano et al[18], 2008	3 reviews	20%-60%, mean 40%
Basco and Smith[8], 2009	9 studies	8%-64%
Busby and Sajatovic[3], 2010	6 studies	20%-60%
Foster et al[23], 2011	7 studies	21%-50%
Leclerc et al[12], 2013	27 studies(rates derived from 6 studies)	12%-64%
García et al[16], 2016	9 studies	23%-60% (only antipsychotics)

Other reviews have also estimated non-adherence rates to be in the range of 20%-68% with a median rate of 41%-42% in BD including Schou[24] (1988), Guscott and Taylor[25] (1994), Scott[26] (1995), Schou[19] (1997), Berk et al[17] (2004), Sajatovic et al[27] (2004), Byrne et al[28] (2006), Depp and Lebowitz[29] (2007), Depp et al[14] (2008), Pompili et al[10] (2009), Crowe et al[15] (2011) and Rakofsky et al[11] (2011). BD: Bipolar disorder.