Risk of pancreatic adverse events associated with the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Table 3 Pancreatic cancer events in randomized controlled trials of glucagon-like peptide-1 agents

Ref.	Duration of GLP-1 exposure (wk)	Arms	No. of participants	No. of cases
NCT00654381[26]	52	Linagliptin 5 mg	159	0
		Linagliptin 10 mg	160	1
		Voglibose	162	0
		Placebo	80	0
NCT00622284[27]	104	Linagliptin	776	1
		Glimepiride	775	2
BI Trial No: 1218.15/U09-2519-01[28]	24	Linagliptin 5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg	130	0
		Pioglitazone 30 mg + Placebo	259	1
White et al[37]	76	Alogliptin	2701	0
		Placebo	2679	0
NCT01318135[38]	52	Alogliptin 12.5 mg qd + Metformin 500 mg bid or 750 mg tid	142	1
		Metformin 500 mg bid or 750 mg tid	145	0
NCT01263496[40]	52	Alogliptin 6.25 mg qd	96	0
		Alogliptin 12.5 mg qd	101	0
		Alogliptin 25 mg qd	97	1
		Alogliptin 50 mg qd	97	0
		Voglibose 0.2 mg tid	83	0
CLAF237A23119[49]	12	Vildagliptin 100 mg + Metformin	1756	1
		Thiazolinedione + Metformin	871	NR
NCT00757588[53]	52	Saxagliptin 5 mg + Insulin	304	1
		Placebo + Insulin	151	0
Scirica et al[54]	109	Saxagliptin	8280	5
		Placebo	8212	12
NCT00316082[56]	24	Saxagliptin 2.5/5 mg QAM	71	1
		Saxagliptin 2.5 mg QAM	74	0
		Saxagliptin 5 mg QAM	74	0
		Saxagliptin 5 mg QPM	72	0
		Placebo	74	0
Chan et al[58,59]	54	Sitagliptin 50 mg or 25 mg once daily	65	1
		Placebo/Glipizide	26	0
Ferreira et al[61,62]	54	Sitagliptin	210	1
		Glipizide	212	0
Henry et al[63,64]	54	Pioglitazone 15 mg	230	0
		Pioglitazone 30 mg	233	0
		Pioglitazone 45 mg	230	0
		Sitagliptin 100 mg/Pioglitazone 15 mg	230	0
		Sitagliptin 100 mg/Pioglitazone 30 mg	231	1
		Sitagliptin 100 mg/Pioglitazone 45 mg	230	0
Raz et al[65,66]	30	Sitagliptin 100 mg	96	0
		Placebo	94	1
Goldstein et al[68,69]	104	Metformin 500 mg bid	182	0
		Metformin 1000 mg bid	182	0
		Sitagliptin 50 mg bid + Metformin 500 mg bid	190	0
		Sitagliptin 50 mg bid + Metformin 1000 mg bid	182	0
		Sitagliptin 50 mg bid + Metformin 1000 mg bid	117	0
		Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg bid	176	1
Arechavaleta et al[70,71]	30	Sitagliptin	516	1
		Glimepiride	518	0
Charbonnel et al[72,73]	104	Sitagliptin 100 mg	464	1
		Placebo/Glipizide 5 mg	237	0
NCT00094757[76]	54	Sitagliptin 100 mg	205	0
		Sitagliptin 200 mg	206	0
		Placebo/Pioglitazone	110	1

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.