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©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Meta-Anal. Dec 26, 2015; 3(6): 254-283
Published online Dec 26, 2015. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v3.i6.254
Published online Dec 26, 2015. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v3.i6.254
Table 1 Characteristics of glucagon-like peptide-1 based agents in randomized controlled trials included in analysis of pancreatic events
| Ref. | Location (No. of centers) | Year of study completion | Total duration (wk) | Duration of GLP-1 exposure (wk) | Participant disease | Arms | No. of participants | Mean age, yr (SD) | Female, n (%) |
| Ross et al[21] | Multi-national (84 centers in 9 countries) | 2010 | 43 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 2.5 mg bid | 223 | 58.7 (9.9) | 85 (38.1) |
| Linagliptin 5 mg qd | 224 | 58.4 (10.6) | 103 (46.0) | ||||||
| Placebo | 44 | 59.9 (10.7) | 23 (52.3) | ||||||
| Haak et al[22] | Multi-national (133 clinics in 14 countries) | 2010 | 73 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg qd | 142 | 56.2 (10.8) | 62 (43.7) |
| Metformin 500 mg bid | 144 | 52.9 (10.4) | 62 (43.1) | ||||||
| Metformin 1000 mg bid | 147 | 55.2 (10.6) | 69 (46.9) | ||||||
| Linagliptin 2.5 mg qd + Metformin 500 mg bid | 143 | 55.6 (11.2) | 73 (49.0) | ||||||
| Linagliptin 2.5 mg qd + Metformin 1000 mg bid | 143 | 56.4 (10.7) | 66 (46.2) | ||||||
| Placebo | 72 | 55.7 (11.0) | 36 (50) | ||||||
| NCT00328172[23] | Multi-national (71 sites in 6 countries) | 2007 | 65 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 0.5 mg | 58 | 58.0 (9.4) | 13 (22.4) |
| Linagliptin 2.5 mg | 57 | 59.8 (10.3) | 30 (52.6) | ||||||
| Linagliptin 5.0 mg | 55 | 56.6 (9.6) | 24 (43.6) | ||||||
| Metformin | 65 | 53.7 (10.7) | 26 (40.0) | ||||||
| Placebo | 67 | 58.6 (8.9) | 34 (50.7) | ||||||
| Yki-Jarvinen et al[24,25] | Multi-national (169 sites in 19 countries) | 2011 | 108 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5.0 mg | 631 | 59.7 (9.9) | 302 (47.9) |
| Placebo | 630 | 60.4 (10.0) | 301 (47.8) | ||||||
| NCT00654381[26] | Japan | 2010 | 91 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5.0 mg | 159 | 60.3 (9.4) | 48 (30.2) |
| Linagliptin 10.0 mg | 160 | 61.3 (10.0) | 48 (30.0) | ||||||
| Voglibose | 162 | 58.5 (9.9) | 47 (29.0) | ||||||
| Placebo | 80 | 59.7 (8.9) | 23 (28.7) | ||||||
| NCT00622284[27] | Multi-national (221 sites in 16 countries) | 2010 | 146 | 104 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin | 776 | 59.8 (9.4) | 314 (40.5) |
| Glimepiride | 775 | 59.8 (9.4) | 304 (39.2) | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.15/ U09-2519-01[28] | Multi-national (43 sites in 7 countries) | 2009 | 61 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 259 | NR | NR |
| Pioglitazone 30 mg + Placebo | 130 | NR | NR | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.52/U11-1782-01[29] | Multi-national (101 sites in 14 countries) | 2011 | 102 | 54 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin (500 mg and 1000 mg bid) | 396 | NR | NR |
| Metformin 1000 mg bid | 170 | NR | NR | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.63/U11-1781-02[30] | Multi-national (33 sites in 5 countries) | 2011 | 67 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg | 162 | NR | 46 (28.4) |
| Placebo | 79 | NR | 30 (38.0) | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.75/U12-3204-01[31] | Multi-center study (Black/African American patients only) | 2011 | 55 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg | 106 | NR | NR |
| Placebo | 120 | NR | NR | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.61/U13-3124-01[32] | Multi-national study (4 countries) | 2012 | 123 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg | 183 | NR | NR |
| Placebo | 89 | NR | NR | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.65/U12-2143-01[33] | Multi-national study (19 sites in 3 countries) | 2012 | 74 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg | 205 | 82%(< 65 yr) | NR |
| Placebo | 100 | 83% (< 65 yr) | NR | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.64/U13-1283-01[34] | Multi-national study (52 sites in 9 countries) | 2012 | 117 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg | 113 | NR | 43 (38.1) |
| Placebo (first 12 wk)/ Glimepiride (next 40 wk) | 122 | NR | 43 (35.2) | ||||||
| BI Trial No: 1218.66/U12-2076-01[35] | Multi-national study (19 sites in 3 countries | 2012 | 80 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Linagliptin 5 mg | 200 | 84.0% (< 65 yr) | NR |
| Placebo | 99 | 89.9% (< 65 yr) | NR | ||||||
| Rosenstock et al[36] | Multi-national study (110 sites in 13 countries) | 2007 | 65 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Alogliptin 12.5 mg | 131 | 55.4 (9.8) | 76 (58) |
| Alogliptin 25 mg | 129 | 55.9 (10.2) | 85 (66) | ||||||
| Placebo | 130 | 55.0 (10.6) | 68 (52) | ||||||
| White et al[37] | Multi-national study (898 centers in 49 countries) | 2013 | 193 | 76 (median) | Type 2 diabetes | Alogliptin | 2701 | 36.0% (≥ 65 yr) | 873 (32.3) |
| Placebo | 2679 | 34.9% (≥ 65 yr) | 856 (32.0) | ||||||
| NCT01318135[38] | Japan (58 sites) | 2010 | 52 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Alogliptin 12.5 mg qd + Glimepiride 1-6 mg qd or bid | 150 | 38.0% (≥ 65 yr) | 53 (35.3) |
| Alogliptin 25 mg qd + Glimepiride 1-6 mg qd or bid | 152 | 30.9% (≥ 65 yr) | 52 (34.2) | ||||||
| NCT01289119[39] | Multi-national study (21 sites in 3 countries) | 2011 | 52 | 16 | Type 2 diabetes | Alogliptin monotherapy | 92 | 51.6 (10.41) | 37 (40.2) |
| Metformin | 98 | 53.2 (9.46) | 50 (51.0) | ||||||
| Metformin + Alogliptin Add-on Therapy | 99 | 53.0 (9.88) | 48 (48.5) | ||||||
| Pioglitazone | 63 | 51.8 (10.37) | 24 (38.1) | ||||||
| Pioglitazone + Alogliptin Add-on Therapy | 61 | 52.6 (9.44) | 33 (54.1) | ||||||
| Placebo | 93 | 53.1 (8.88) | 39 (41.9) | ||||||
| NCT01263496[40] | Japan (58 sites) | 2008 | 72 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Alogliptin 6.25 mg qd | 96 | 28.1 (≥ 65 yr) | 26 (27.1) |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg qd | 101 | 33.7 (≥ 6 5 yr) | 29 (28.7) | ||||||
| Alogliptin 25 mg qd | 97 | 34.0 (≥ 65 yr) | 22 (22.7) | ||||||
| Alogliptin 50 mg qd | 97 | 32.9 (≥ 65 yr) | 29 (29.9) | ||||||
| Voglibose 0.2 mg tid | 83 | 38.6 (≥ 65 yr) | 27 (32.5) | ||||||
| NCT00328627[41] | Multi-national study (90 sites in 19 countries) | 2008 | 93 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Placebo | 128 | 53.1 (9.59) | 61 (47.6) |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Placebo | 129 | 53.7 (9.31) | 79 (61.2) | ||||||
| Placebo | 129 | 55.2 (9.89) | 68 (52.7) | ||||||
| NCT00395512[42] | Multi-national study (268 sites in 23 countries) | 2008 | 67 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 164 | 52.8 (11.01) | 91 (55.5) |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | 164 | 53.5 (11.37) | 83 (50.6) | ||||||
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 163 | 51.5 (10.72) | 73 (44.8) | ||||||
| Kikuchi et al[43] | Japan (26 sites) | 2007 | 52 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin 50 mg bid + glimepiride | 102 | 59.2 (9.8) | 27 (26.5) |
| Placebo + glimepiride | 100 | 60.3 (10.1) | 31 (31.0) | ||||||
| Lukashevich et al[44] | Multi-national study (12 countries) | 2010 | 291 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin 50 mg qd (moderate RI) | 165 | 67.7 (8.8) | 69 (41.8) |
| Placebo (moderate RI) | 129 | 69.7 (7.3) | 49 (38.0) | ||||||
| Vildagliptin 50 mg qd (severe RI) | 124 | 64.1 (9.2) | 59 (47.6) | ||||||
| Placebo (severe RI) | 97 | 64.5 (10.8) | 44 (45.4) | ||||||
| Strain et al[45] | Multi-national study (45 centers in 7 countries) | 2012 | 64 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin | 139 | 75.1 (4.3) | 66 (47.5) |
| Placebo | 139 | 74.4 (4.0) | 86 (61.9) | ||||||
| NCT00106340[46] (CLAF237A2308) | Multi-national study (402 centers in 25 countries) | 2008 | 166 | 104 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin 50 mg bid + Metformin | 1562 | 57.5 (9.07) | 733 (46.9) |
| Glimepiride up to 6 mg qd + Metformin | 1556 | 57.5 (9.19) | 718 (46.1) | ||||||
| NCT00300287[47] (CLAF237A2307) | Multi-national study (69 centers in 6 countries) | 2006 | 85 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin 50 mg qd | 156 | 63.27 (10.18) | 63 (40.4) |
| Placebo | 150 | 62.84 (11.03) | 61 (40.7) | ||||||
| CLAF237A1301[48] | Japan (51 centers) | 2007 | 44 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin 50 mg bid | 188 | 60.3 (10.48) | 67 (35.6) |
| Voglibose 0.2 mg tid | 192 | 58.0 (9.32) | 62 (32.3) | ||||||
| CLAF237A23119[49] | United States (796 centers) | 2007 | 53 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin 100 mg + Metformin | 1776 | 55.3 | 864 (48.6) |
| Thiazolinedione + Metformin | 888 | 56.2 | 467 (52.6) | ||||||
| NCT00110240[50] (CLAF237A2323) | Multi-national study (31 centers in 3 countries) | 2006 | 87 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Vildagliptin 50 mg bid | 441 | 51.79 (10.13) | 176 (40.0) |
| Acarbose up to 100 mg tid | 220 | 51.93 (10.34) | 81 (37.0) | ||||||
| NCT00327015[51] | Multi-national study (211 sites in 13 countries) | 2007 | 78 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin 500 mg | 320 | 51.95 (10.43) | 155 (48.4) |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin 500 mg | 323 | 52.08 (11.59) | 177 (54.8) | ||||||
| Metformin 500 mg + Placebo | 328 | 51.83 (10.74) | 165 (50.3) | ||||||
| Hollander et al[52] | Multi-national study (133 sites in 7 countries) | 2007 | 82 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + TZD | 195 | 54.9 (9.7) | 89 (45.6) |
| (NCT00295633) | Saxagliptin 5 mg + TZD | 186 | 53.2 (10.6) | 97 (52.2) | |||||
| Placebo + TZD | 184 | 54.0 (10.1) | 99 (53.8) | ||||||
| NCT00757588[53] | Multi-national study (80 sites in 10 countries) | 2010 | 73 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Saxagliptin 5 mg + Insulin | 304 | 57.2 (9.4) | 184 (60.5) |
| Placebo + Insulin | 151 | 57.3 (9.3) | 83 (54.9) | ||||||
| Scirica et al[54] | Multi-national study (788 sites in 26 countries) | 2013 | 156 | 109 | Type 2 diabetes | Saxagliptin | 8280 | 65.1 (8.5) | 2768 (33.4) |
| Placebo | 8212 | 65 (8.6) | 2687 (32.7) | ||||||
| Göke et al[55] | Multi-national study (130 sites in 11 countries) | 2010 | 139 | 104 | Type 2 diabetes | Saxagliptin + Metformin | 428 | 57.5 (10.26) | 216 (50.5) |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 430 | 57.59 (10.37) | 198 (46.1) | ||||||
| NCT00316082[56] | Multi-national study (74 sites in 4 countries) | 2007 | 74 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Saxagliptin 2.5/5 mg QAM | 71 | 54.28 (10.93) | 34 (47.9) |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg QAM | 74 | 55.24 (10.44) | 49 (66.2) | ||||||
| Saxagliptin 5 mg QAM | 74 | 54.66 (9.71) | 36 (48.6) | ||||||
| Saxagliptin 5 mg QPM | 72 | 55.11 (10.35) | 39 (54.2) | ||||||
| Placebo | 74 | 55.57 (10.32) | 39 (52.7) | ||||||
| NCT00614939[57] | Multi-national study (74 sites in 14 countries) | 2009 | 74 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Saxagliptin | 85 | 66.8 (8.3) | 53 (62.4) |
| Placebo | 85 | 66.2 (9.1) | 44 (51.8) | ||||||
| Chan et al[58,59] | Multi-national study (30 sites in 13 countries) | 2006 | NR | 54 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 50 mg or 25 mg once daily | 65 | 68.9 (9.8) | 34 (52.3) |
| Glipizide | 26 | 65.3 (9.7) | 10 (38.5) | ||||||
| Kojima et al[60] | Japan (Japanese Red Cross Medical Center) | 2011 | 65 | 12 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin | 20 | 63.85 (12.92) | 5 (0.25) |
| Nateglinide | 16 | 66.44 (9.02) | 4 (0.25) | ||||||
| NCT00509262 | Multi-national study | 2011 | 178 | 54 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin | 211 | 64.2 (10.7) | 80 (37.9) |
| (Arjona Ferreira et al[61,62]) | |||||||||
| Glipizide | 212 | 64.2 (9.4) | 90 (42.5) | ||||||
| Henry et al[63,64] | Multi-national study | 2010 | 108 | 54 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 100 mg/Pioglitazone 15 mg | 230 | NR | 112 (48.7) |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/Pioglitazone 30 mg | 231 | NR | 96 (41.6) | ||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/Pioglitazone 45 mg | 230 | NR | |||||||
| 95 (41.3) | |||||||||
| Pioglitazone 15 mg | 230 | NR | 82 (35.7) | ||||||
| Pioglitazone 30 mg | 233 | NR | 106 (45.5) | ||||||
| Pioglitazone 45 mg | 230 | NR | 117 (50.9) | ||||||
| Raz et al[65,66] | Multi-national study (30 sites in 13 countries) | 2007 | 47 | 30 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 100 mg | 96 | 53.6 (9.5) | 47 (48.9) |
| Placebo | 94 | 56.1 (9.5) | 55 (58.5) | ||||||
| NCT01131182[67] | NR | 2010 | 22 | 4 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin | 507 | 55.0 (11.0) | 238 (46.9) |
| Sulfonylurea | 514 | 55.0 (11.0) | 259 (50.4) | ||||||
| Goldstein et al[68,69] | Multi-national study | 2006 | 69 | 54 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 50 mg bid + Metformin 500 mg bid | 190 | 54.1 (10.0) | 85 (44.7) |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg bid + Metformin 1000 mg bid | 182 | 53.3 (9.6) | 105 (57.7) | ||||||
| Sitagliptin 50 mg bid + Metformin 1000 mg bid (Open Label Cohort) | 117 | 52.6 (10.0) | 50 (42.7) | ||||||
| Metformin 500 mg bid | 182 | 53.4 (10.2) | 93 (51.1) | ||||||
| Metformin 1000 mg bid | 182 | 53.2 (9.6) | 100 (54.9) | ||||||
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg bid | 176 | 53.6 (10.0) | 83 (47.2) | ||||||
| Arechavaleta et al[70,71] | Multi-national study | 2009 | 74 | 30 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin | 516 | 56.3 (9.7) | 232 (44.9) |
| Glimepiride | 519 | 56.2 (10.1) | 240 (46.2) | ||||||
| NCT00086515 et al[72,73] | Multi-national study | 2007 | 135 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 100 mg | 464 | 54.4 (10.4) | 205 (44.2) |
| Placebo/Glipizide 5 mg | 237 | 54.7 (9.7) | 96 (40.5) | ||||||
| Bergenstal et al[74,75] | Multi-national study (62 sites in 3 countries) | 2009 | 56 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Exenatide once weekly | 160 | 52.4 (10.41) | 71 (44.4) |
| Sitagliptin | 166 | 52.2 (10.54) | 80 (48.2) | ||||||
| Pioglitazone | 165 | 53.0 (9.92) | 86 (52.1) | ||||||
| NCT00094757[76] | Multi-national study | 2006 | 78 | 54 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 100 mg | 205 | 54.5 (10.0) | 95 (46.3) |
| Sitagliptin 200 mg | 206 | 55.4 (9.2) | 102 (49.5) | ||||||
| Placebo/Pioglitazone | 110 | 55.5 (10.1) | 41 (37.3) | ||||||
| NCT00094770[77] | Multi-national study (173 sites in 27 countries) | 2006 | 139 | 104 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 100 mg | 588 | 56.8 (9.3) | 252 (42.8) |
| Glipizide | 584 | 56.6 (9.8) | 226 (38.7) | ||||||
| NCT01137812[78,79] | Multi-national study (182 sites in 17 countries) | 2012 | 87 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin 100 mg | 378 | 56.6 (9.33) | 163 (43.1) |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 377 | 56.5 (9.62) | 170 (45.1) | ||||||
| NCT00482729[80] | Multi-national study (209 sites in United States) | 2008 | 74 | 44 | Type 2 diabetes | Sitagliptin/Meformin-Fixed Dose Combination | 625 | 49.5 (10.5) | 272 (43.5) |
| Metformin | 621 | 50.0 (10.5) | 266 (42.8) | ||||||
| Bunck et al[81] | Multi-national study (3 sites in 3 countries) | 2007 | 154 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Exenatide | 36 | 58.4 (1.4) | 13 (36.1) |
| Insulin glargine | 33 | 58.3 (1.3) | 11 (33.3) | ||||||
| Diamant et al[82] | Multi-national study (72 sites in 7 countries) | 2009 | 53 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Exenatide | 233 | 58.0 (10.0) | 113 (48.0) |
| Insulin glargine | 223 | 58 (9.0) | 100 (45.0) | ||||||
| Inagaki et al[83] | Japan (22 sites) | 2010 | 61 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Exenatide once weekly | 215 | 57.07 (10.44) | 73 (34.0) |
| Insulin glargine once daily | 212 | 56.44 (11.16) | 64 (30.2) | ||||||
| Russell-Jones et al[84] | Multi-national study (106 sites in 22 countries) | 2010 | 82 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Exenatide 2 mg once weekly + Oral placebo | 248 | 53.7 (10.91) | 109 (43.9) |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg/d + SC placebo | 163 | 52.3 (11.05) | 69 (42.3) | ||||||
| Metformin starting at 1000 mg/d + SC placebo | 246 | 53.7 (11.08) | 92 (37.4) | ||||||
| Pioglitazone starting at 30 mg/d+ SC placebo | 163 | 55.3 (10.96) | 66 (40.5) | ||||||
| NCT01003184[85] | 34 sites in Ireland and United Kingdom | 2011 | 91 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Exenatide once weekly | 111 | 59.2 (9.86) | 40 (36.04) |
| Insulin Detemir twice daily | 105 | 57.8 (9.48) | 33 (31.4) | ||||||
| Astrup et al[86] | Multi-national study (19 sites in 8 European countries) | 2009 | 117 | 104 | Type 2 diabetes | Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 95 | 47.18 (9.72) | 73 (76.8) |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 90 | 45.53 (10.9) | 68 (75.6) | ||||||
| Liraglutide 2.4 mg | 93 | 45.01 (11.09) | 71 (76.3) | ||||||
| Liraglutide 3.0 mg | 93 | 45.91 (10.71) | 70 (75.3) | ||||||
| Placebo | 98 | 45.86 (10.28) | 74 (75.5) | ||||||
| Garber et al[87] | 126 sites in United States and 12 sites in Mexico | 2007 | 91 | 52 | Type 2 diabetes | Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 251 | 53.7 (11.0) | 134 (53.4) |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 247 | 52.0 (10.8) | 126 (51.0) | ||||||
| Glimepiride 8 mg | 248 | 53.4 (10.9) | 115 (46.4) | ||||||
| Nauck et al[88] | Multi-national study (170 sites in 21 countries) | 2007 | 52 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Once daily Liraglutide (0.6 mg) | 242 | 56.0 (11.0) | 91 (37.6) |
| Once daily Liraglutide (1.2 mg) | 241 | 57 (9.0) | 111 (46.1) | ||||||
| Once daily Liraglutide (1.8 mg) | 242 | 57 (9.0) | 100 (41.3) | ||||||
| Once daily Glimepiride (4 mg) | 244 | 57 (9.0) | 103 (42.2) | ||||||
| Placebo | 122 | 56 (9.0) | 49 (40.2) | ||||||
| Marre et al[89] | Multi-national study (116 sites in 21 countries) | NR | NR | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Liraglutide 0.6 mg | 233 | 55.7 (9.9) | 107 (46.0) |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 228 | 57.7 (9.0) | 125 (55.0) | ||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 234 | 55.6 (10.0) | 110 (47.0) | ||||||
| Placebo | 114 | 54.7 (10.0) | 60 (53.0) | ||||||
| Zinman et al[90] | 90 sites in United States and Canada | 2007 | 65 | 26 | Type 2 diabetes | Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 178 | 55.0 (10.0) | 77 (43.0) |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 178 | 55.0 (11.0) | 87 (49.0) | ||||||
| Placebo | 177 | 55.0 (10.0) | 67 (38.0) | ||||||
| Raz et al[91] | Multi-national study (53 centers in 11 countries) | 2011 | 134 | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Taspoglutide 10 mg | 116 | NR | NR |
| Taspoglutide 20 mg | 129 | NR | NR | ||||||
| Placebo | 123 | NR | NR | ||||||
| Rosenstock et al[92] | Multi-national study (118 sites in 4 countries) | 2008 | 56 | 16 | Type 2 diabetes | Albiglutide 4 mg weekly | 35 | 50.4 (10.3) | 20 (57.1) |
| Albiglutide 15 mg weekly | 35 | 55.5 (10.5) | 17 (48.6) | ||||||
| Albiglutide 30 mg weekly | 31 | 54.2 (9.7) | 23 (74.2) | ||||||
| Albiglutide 15 mg biweekly | 33 | 52.5 (9.6) | 19 (57.6) | ||||||
| Albiglutide 30 mg biweekly | 32 | 55.5 (9.9) | 16 (50.0) | ||||||
| Albiglutide 50 mg biweekly | 35 | 51.1 (10.3) | 16 (45.7) | ||||||
| Albiglutide 50 mg monthly | 35 | 54.1 (11.3) | 18 (51.4) | ||||||
| Albiglutide 100 mg monthly | 34 | 54.4 (9.9) | 15 (44.1) | ||||||
| Placebo | 51 | 54.0 (10.6) | 23 (45.1) | ||||||
| Seino et al[93] | Multi-national study (57 centers in 4 Asian countries) | NR | NR | 24 | Type 2 diabetes | Lixisenatide (10 ug for 1 wk, 15 mg for 1 wk, then 20 mg-maintenance dose) | 154 | 58.7 (10.2) | 85 (55.2) |
| Placebo | 157 | 58.0 (10.1) | 77 (49.0) | ||||||
| Umpierrez et al[94] | 36 sites in United States and 3 in Puerto Rico | 2008 | 39 | 16 | Type 2 diabetes | LY2189265 (LY 0.5/1.0) | 66 | 59.0 (12.0) | 31 (47.0) |
| LY2189265 (LY 1.0/1.0) | 65 | 57.0 (12.0) | 30 (46.0) | ||||||
| LY2189265 (LY 1.0/2.0) | 65 | 54.0 (11.0) | 31 (48.0) | ||||||
| Placebo | 66 | 56.0 (12.0) | 37 (56.0) |
- Citation: Shihab HM, Akande T, Armstrong K, Singh S, Loke YK. Risk of pancreatic adverse events associated with the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. World J Meta-Anal 2015; 3(6): 254-283
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v3/i6/254.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13105/wjma.v3.i6.254