Hypertension in Zimbabwe: A meta-analysis to quantify its burden and policy implications

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Study period	Setting	Sampling method	Sample size	Age range (yr)	Prevalence (cases)	Diagnostic criteria	Description of geographic area1
Matenga et al[8]	October to early December 1996	Community-household	Random	749	> 34	33.4% (250)	Hypertensive described as mean diastolic BP > 94 mmHg untreated or on antihypertensive medication, controlled BP described as mean DBP < 95 mmHg while on drug treatment	Marondera, Mashonaland East (mainly urban and unspecified rural area)
Hakim et al[17]	May to July 2005	Subnational-household	Multi-stage	3003	≥ 25	17.9% (538)	Systolic ≥ 140 and/or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg	Urban and mainly rural communities in Midlands, Mashonaland Central, and Matebeleland South
Mufunda et al[18]	July-October 1995	Community-household	Cluster sampling	775	> 25	33.5% (260)	Systolic ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive medication	Marondera, Mashonaland East (urban)
Marwiro[19]	June-July, 2010	Community-employee register	Systematic	302	> 25 to > 55	38.4% (116)	The 7th Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension stage 1: systolic 140-159 mmHg, diastolic 90-99 mmHg, Hypertension stage 2: systolic ≥ 160 mmHg, diastolic ≥ 100 mmHg	Bulawayo (urban)

¹Geographic area refers to the geographic location where study took place in Zimbabwean urban or rural areas. DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.